陶瓷-金属双连续相复合材料的发展现状与未来

杜之明; 费岩晗; 孙永根; 陈丽华; 王延春; 綦育仕; 陈丽丽

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200909.002

陶瓷-金属双连续相复合材料的发展现状与未来

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200909.002

1.
哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院，哈尔滨 150001
2.
北京北方车辆集团有限公司工艺研究院，北京 100070

详细信息

通讯作者:
杜之明，博士，博士生导师，研究方向为金属基复合材料　 E-mail：duzm@263.net

中图分类号: TB333；TG146.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-16
- 录用日期: 2020-08-28
- 网络出版日期: 2020-09-10
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-15

Development status and future of ceramic-metal co-continuous composite material

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
2.
Technology Research Institute Beijing North Vehicle Group Corporation, Beijing 100070, China

摘要

摘要: 陶瓷-金属双连续相复合材料作为一种采用空间连续网络构型设计的复合材料，具有耐摩擦磨损、抗热震性高、热膨胀系数低等特点，具有广阔的应用前景。其中，多孔陶瓷预制体作为双连续相复合材料中的结构增强相，其本征特性对复合材料的整体性能有重要影响。本文系统分析了现阶段在多孔陶瓷的制备方法与表面改性两个领域内的主要进展，并对陶瓷-金属双连续相复合材料的制备技术与性能研究进行了介绍。最后，展望了陶瓷-金属双连续相复合材料在未来的发展过程中可能会遇到的四大挑战。
- 陶瓷-金属 /
- 复合材料 /
- 连续增强相 /
- 网络构型 /
- 技术挑战
Abstract: As a kind of composite material designed by space continuous network configuration, the ceramic-metal co-continuous composite owns some special characteristics such as the resistance of friction and wear, high thermal shock resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and so on, which make it has broad application prospects. Inside, the intrinsic properties of porous ceramic preforms as the ceramic reinforcement in the co-continuous composite have important impacts on the overall performance of the composite. In this review, the main progress in the current preparation methods and surface modification of porous ceramics are systematically analyzed, and both the preparation technology and the performance research of ceramic-metal co-continuous composite are summarized. Finally, we outline the four major challenges that may be encountered in the future development of ceramic-metal co-continuous composites.
- ceramic-metal /
- composite /
- co-continuous reinforcement /
- network configuration /
- technical challenges

HTML全文

图 1 四种增强相构型^[14]

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of four types of reinforcement architectures^[14]

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图 2 多孔陶瓷的孔径分类及相应的典型应用

Figure 2. Classification of porous materials by pore size and corresponding typical applications

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图 3 有机泡沫浸渍-高温处理法的典型工艺流程

Figure 3. Typical flow chart for the fabrication of porous ceramics by organic foam impregnation-high temperature sacrifice

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图 4 有机泡沫复制法制备的多孔陶瓷的SEM图像^[38]

Figure 4. SEM images of porous ceramics fabricated by replication^[38] ((a) Low magnifications; (b) High magnifications)

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图 5 添加剂法制备多孔陶瓷原理图

Figure 5. Diagram of fabrication process of porous ceramics by pore-forming agent

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图 6 采用不同造孔剂制备的多孔陶瓷微观形貌的SEM图像

Figure 6. SEM images of porous ceramics fabricated by different sacrificial fugitives ((a) PMMA^[49]; (b) Sucrose^[50]; (c) Fe₂O₃^[51]; (d) Glycerol^[52])

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图 7 发泡法制备的不同孔隙结构的多孔陶瓷

Figure 7. Porous ceramics with different microstructures fabricated by foaming method ((a) Closed-cell^[58]; (b) Partial open-cell^[59]; (c) Open-cell^[60])

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图 8 采用冠醚修饰的SBA-15有序介孔材料的TEM图像^[66]

Figure 8. TEM images of SBA-15 ordered mesoporous materials modified by crown ether^[66]

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图 9 固相烧结法制备多孔陶瓷原理图

Figure 9. Fabrication process of porous ceramics by solid state sintering

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图 10 固相烧结法制备的Al₂O₃多孔陶瓷的SEM图像^[72]

Figure 10. SEM images of porous ceramics fabricated by partial sintering^[72] ((a) Al₂O₃ powder before sintering; (b) Porous ceramic structure after sintering)

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图 11 多孔微成形化的过程顺序^[75]

Figure 11. Process sequence of porous micropatterning^[75] ((a) Polymer blending to form a co-continuous blend; (b) Hot embossing with controllable thermomechanical history; (c) Sacrificial extraction and formation of porous patterns)

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图 12 利用生物模板制备RGO/Cu人造珍珠层示意图^[78]

Figure 12. Schematic representation of fabricating RGO/Cu artificial nacre by biological templates^[78]

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图 13 经过高温摩擦磨损实验后陶瓷-金属异质连接界面的应力腐蚀现象

Figure 13. Appearance of stress corrosion on ceramic-metal interface after friction and wear test at high temperature

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图 14 通过表面改性和ECP在氧化铝陶瓷上形成铜层的工艺示意图 (a)、多巴胺聚合物改性陶瓷表面与催化颗粒间可能的界面定位机制示意图 (b)^[88]

Figure 14. Schematic diagram of the process for creating copper layer on alumina ceramic via modification and ECP (a), schematic illustration about a possible interfacial location mechanism for the modification between ceramic surface and catalytic particles by dopamine polymer (b)^[88]

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图 15 利用颗粒堆积梯度多孔陶瓷试样成形过程示意图及FESEM图像^[95]

Figure 15. Schematic illustration of the forming process and FESEM image of gradient porous ceramic sample^[95]

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图 16 配备模具的离心机原理图^[100]

Figure 16. Schematic diagram of a centrifuge with the mould^[100]

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图 17 离心后粉末沉积的照片 (a)和粉末沉积物的分离 (b)^[100]

Figure 17. Photograph of a powder deposit after centrifugation (a) and partition of the powder deposit (b)^[100]

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图 18 多孔羟基磷灰石(HAP)样品的微观结构(垂直于冰面的横截面)^[102]

Figure 18. Microstructure of porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) samples (Cross-section perpendicular to the ice front)^[102]

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图 19 梯度氧化铝多孔支架的孔隙率和抗压强度与转速的函数结构关系^[103]

Figure 19. Porosity and compressive strength of alumina porous scaffolds with gradient structures as a function of rotational speed^[103]

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图 20 无压浸渗设备示意图

Figure 20. Schematic of the tube furnace setup for infiltration experiment

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图 21 挤压浸渗工艺流程示意图

Figure 21. Schematic diagram of squeeze infiltration process

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图 22 SiC网络陶瓷的宏观形貌 (a)、SiC多孔陶瓷的微观网络结构 (b)、SiC/Fe-20Cr的宏观形貌 (c)、SiC/Fe-20Cr的微观结构 (d) 和模拟微观力学模型(箭头为加载方向，点表示固定表面) (e)^[114]

Figure 22. Macro-appearance of SiC network ceramic (a), microstructure of SiC network ceramic (b), macro-appearance of SiC/Fe-20Cr (c), microstructure of SiC/Fe-20Cr (d), simulated micromechanical model (Arrow is the loadingdirection, points mean the fixed surface) (e)^[114]

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图 23 SiC/Fe-20Cr复合材料在1.0~2.0 MPa载荷下20 s的加载曲线^[114]

Figure 23. Loading curve of SiC/Fe-20Cr composites under load from 1.0-2.0 MPa for 20 s^[114]

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图 24 SiC预制体和Fe-20Cr基体在1.0~2.0 MPa载荷下20 s的应力-时间曲线^[114]

Figure 24. Stress-time curve of SiC reinforcement and Fe-20Cr matrix under load from 1.0-2.0 MPa for 20 s^[114]

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图 25 SiC/Al-23Si双连续相复合材料与Al-23Si合金在三种转速下的磨损质量损失^[130]

Figure 25. Wear mass loss versus rotation rate for SiC/Al-23Si co-composites and Al-23Si at three rotation rates^[130]

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表 1 几种多孔陶瓷制备方法的工艺性比较

Table 1. Technological comparison of several methods for preparing porous ceramics

Type of technology	Aperture size	Apparent porosity/%	Advantages	Disadvantage
Organic foam impregnation	100 μm-5 mm	70-90	High porosity, adjustable aperture	Low strength, environment pollution
Pore forming agent method	10 μm-1 mm	0-50	Adjustable size and shape, high strength	Inhomogeneous pores, low porosity
Foaming method	10 μm-2 mm	40-90	High strength and porosity	Complex process, high production cost
Sol-gel	>1 nm	30-70	Suitable for micropores, high free degree	Limited use, high production cost
Solid sintering	1-600 μm	20-30	Simple process, high strength	Low porosity, environment pollution
Template method	1 nm-100 μm	10-90	Large aperture distribution range, high strength	High production cost, complex process

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