超疏水表面制备方法的比较

赵美蓉; 周惠言; 康文倩; 黄银国; 郑叶龙

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200715.001

超疏水表面制备方法的比较

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200715.001

天津大学　精密仪器与光电子工程学院，天津 300072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51805367)

详细信息

通讯作者:
郑叶龙，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为超疏水，力值测量　E-mail：zhengyelongby@tju.edu.cn

中图分类号: O647；TB17；TB331；TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-16
- 录用日期: 2020-06-17
- 网络出版日期: 2020-07-15
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-15

Comparison of methods for fabricating superhydrophobic surface

School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

摘要

摘要: 超疏水性是一种特殊的润湿性，它是指水滴与表面的静态接触角大于150°或者滑动角小于10°，其最初来源于“荷叶效应”。本文对近几年关于超疏水理论和自然界中超疏水现象研究进行介绍，并对超疏水表面的制备方法及其应用进行综述。分别总结了基于模板法、涂覆法、刻蚀法的超疏水表面制备方案的优缺点及其改进措施，重点阐述超疏水表面在金属表面抗腐蚀方面的应用。最后对具有特殊功能的超疏水表面的制备进行了介绍，如自愈性超疏水表面、润湿转变型超疏水表面。在制备方法中，模板法和涂覆法制备时间短、成本低，但稳定性和耐磨性较差；刻蚀法易于控制，但实用性受限。
- 超疏水 /
- 模板法 /
- 涂覆法 /
- 刻蚀法 /
- 自愈性
Abstract: Superhydrophobic, a kind of special wetting ability, primarily originated from the "Lotus effect". It is defined as a special surface with a static contact angle of water droplets greater than 150° or a sliding angle less than 10°. This review introduces the research on superhydrophobic theory and phenomena in nature and summarizes methods of superhydrophobic surface preparation and applications in recent years. The advantages and disadvantages of the templating method, the coating method and the etching method are compared, and improvement measures of these methods are proposed. Besides, one of the most important applications of superhydrophobic surface to the metal corrosion resistance is emphasized. At last, the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with special abilities is introduced, such as self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces, wetting reversal superhydrophobic surfaces. In these fabrication methods, the templating method and the etching method have advantages of time saving and low costing, but are usually accompanied by poor stability and abrasion resistance. The etching method is easier to control surface parameters, but limited in usefulness.
- superhydrophobic /
- templating method /
- coating method /
- etching method /
- self-healing

HTML全文

图 1 三相接触角

Figure 1. Contact angle of three-phase

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图 2 Wenzel润湿状态

Figure 2. Wenzel wetting state

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图 3 Cassie 润湿状态

Figure 3. Cassie wetting state

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图 4 混合润湿状态

Figure 4. Mixed wetting state

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图 5 模板法制备过程^[46]

Figure 5. Templating method fabrication process^[46]

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图 6 双层超疏水表面结构^[47]

Figure 6. Double-layer superhydrophobic surface structure^[47]

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图 7 超疏水PCFn涂层的制造过程^[51]

Figure 7. Schematic fabrication process of superhydrophobic PCFn coating^[51]

CNTs—Carbon nanotubes; EP—Epoxy resin

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图 8 涂覆法制备示意图^[54]

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of synthesizing the bio-based superhydrophobic coatings^[54]

IPDI—Isophorone diisocyanate; PDMS—Polydimethylsiloxane; TMP—Trimethylolpropane; KH550—Silane coupling agent

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图 9 超疏水纳米复合薄膜制备过程^[58]

Figure 9. Fabrication process of superhydrophobic nanocomposite film^[58]

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图 10 电沉积过程示意图^[65]

Figure 10. Schematic illustration of the electrodeposition process^[65]

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图 11 激光刻蚀实验步骤及处理示意图(a)、放大200倍和1 000倍的交叉槽结构SEM图像((b)~(c))^[71]

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup and the fabrication process of laser abrasion(a), SEM images of the superhydrophobic surface with cross-groove structures at 200× (b) and 1000× (c)^[71]

CCD—Charge-coupled device

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图 12 自愈性表面修复过程

Figure 12. Self-healing surface repair process

SAR—Spraying acid rain

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图 13 润湿性转变示意图

Figure 13. Schematic of wettability transition

RT—Room temperature

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表 1 超疏水表面三类制备方法总结

Table 1. Summarize of three type methods for fabricating superhydrophobic surface

Method	Process	Advantages	Disadvantages	Substrates
Templating method	Replicate rough microstructures on low surface energy template surfaces	Time saving, low costing, well reproducibility, wide application range, mass production	Hard to endure, poor abrasion resistance, small area.	Polymer glass
Powder coating	Spray solid superhydrophobic coating on the surface of easily corrosive substrate	Wide application range, convenient and fast, easy to manipulate	Unstable interface, uneven coating surface, poor abrasion resistance	Glass polymer metal wood
Chemical deposition	A coating or film is formed by a reaction between the substrate and a solution or gas containing a metal element	Time saving, low costing, well reproducibility	Air pollution, difficult to control, poor adhesion strength and abrasion resistance	Glass polymer metal wood
Electro-chemical deposition	External electric field, a redox reaction occurs in the plating layer and is formed on an electrode	Time saving, low costing, mass production, easy to control	Air pollution, poor adhesion strength and abrasion resistance, waste of materials	Conductor(metal)
Laser etching	Ablation on the surface by laser to change the surface rough structure	Corrosion resistance, well stability, uniform surface, easy to control and manipulate	High cost, long processing time, difficult to be widely used	Metal glass silicon
Chemical etching	Roughness caused by immersion of target surface in chemical mixture or gas discharge produces roughness	Low costing, easy to control, corrosion resistance	Limited in application, air pollution, poor strength	Metal glass

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