用于低温贮箱的铝合金-硬质聚氨酯泡沫夹芯共底设计与分析

李克诚; 杨雷; 高东岳; 柳敏静; 徐新生; 武湛君

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200714.002

用于低温贮箱的铝合金-硬质聚氨酯泡沫夹芯共底设计与分析

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200714.002

李克诚^{1, 3,},
杨雷^1,,
高东岳^2,,
柳敏静^1,,
徐新生^3,,
武湛君^1, ,

1.
大连理工大学　航空航天学院　工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室，大连 116024
2.
中山大学　航空航天学院，广州 510275
3.
大连理工大学　工程力学系，大连 116024

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划 (2018YFA0702800)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(DUT19ZD101)；国家自然科学基金(51805068)

详细信息

通讯作者:
武湛君，博士，教授，研究方向为复合材料与结构设计　 E-mail：wuzhj@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: V45
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- 文章访问数: 1154
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-06
- 录用日期: 2020-07-12
- 网络出版日期: 2020-07-14
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-15

Design and analysis of aluminum alloy-rigid polyurethane foam-cored common bulkhead for cryogenic tanks

LI Kecheng^{1, 3
,},
YANG Lei^1
,,
GAO Dongyue^2
,,
LIU Minjing^1
,,
XU Xinsheng^3
,,
WU Zhanjun^{1
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2.
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
3.
Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

摘要

摘要: 采用铝合金面板-硬质聚氨酯泡沫夹芯的复合式夹层构型，设计了一种用于低温火箭推进剂贮箱的共底结构，其具有轻量化、易于制造、承载/隔热一体化的特点。通过数值模拟手段，对该共底的隔热效果、结构稳定性及热力耦合问题进行分析。结果表明，该共底满足低温液氢/液氧贮箱隔热要求，在0.342 MPa压差下不失稳，单箱打压低于0.5 MPa时材料不失效。此结构的设计分析可为新型低温贮箱共底的设计提供技术支持。
- 共底 /
- 硬质聚氨酯泡沫 /
- 低温贮箱 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 隔热
Abstract: By using a sandwich construction that consists of aluminum alloy panels-rigid polyurethane foam, a common bulkhead was devised for cryogenic launch vehicle tanks. The common bulkhead has the characteristics of lightweight, easy to manufacture, and integrated load bearing/thermal insulation. Based on numerical simulations, thermal insulation effect, structural stability and thermal-mechanical coupling behavior of the common bulkhead were analyzed. The results show that the common bulkhead not only satisfies the thermal insulation requirements of cryogenic tanks for liquid hydrogen and oxygen, but also keeps structural stability under a differential pressure of 0.342 MPa and material safety with a pressure of 0.5 MPa. The design and analysis of this structure can provide technical support for the design of new cryogenic tanks with a common bulkhead.
- common bulkhead /
- rigid polyurethane foam /
- cryogenic tank /
- numerical simulation /
- thermal insulation

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图 1 贮箱共底结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of common bulkhead structure

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图 2 贮箱共底轴向剖面示意图

Figure 2. Section view of common bulkhead

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图 3 共底结构的网格划分

Figure 3. Mesh discretization of common bulkhead

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图 4 硬质聚氨酯(RPU)夹芯层上下表面温度随轴向坐标的变化

Figure 4. Temperature distribution on top and bottom surfaces of rigid polyurethane (RPU) foam core respectively

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图 5 上下金属面板的热应力

Figure 5. Thermal stress of upper and lower metal panels respectively

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图 6 RPU夹芯层上下表面的热应力

Figure 6. Thermal stress of top and bottom surfaces of RPU foam core respectively

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图 7 上下金属面板及RPU夹芯层上下表面最大热应变

Figure 7. Maximum thermal strain of upper and lower metal panels and RPU foam core

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图 8 上下金属面板在热载荷下的位移

Figure 8. Displacement of upper and lower metal panels under thermal load respectively

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图 9 RPU泡沫夹芯共底的屈曲模态

Figure 9. Buckling modes of RPU foam-cored common bulkhead

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图 10 上下金属面板在热/压耦合载荷下的等效应力

Figure 10. Von-Mises stress of upper and lower metal panels under coupled thermal and pressure loads

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图 11 RPU夹芯层上下表面在热/压耦合载荷下的等效应力

Figure 11. Von-Mises stress of upper and lower surfaces of RPU foam core under coupled thermal and pressure loads

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图 12 RPU夹芯层上下表面在热/压耦合载荷下的最大主应变

Figure 12. Maximum principal strain of RPU foam core for upper and lower surfaces under coupled thermal and pressure loads

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图 13 上下金属面板在热/压耦合载荷下的位移

Figure 13. Displacement of upper and lower metal panels under coupled thermal and pressure loads

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图 14 共底结构中心顶点和底点轴向位移曲线

Figure 14. Axial displacement of top and bottom nodes on common bulkhead center

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表 1 上下金属面板尺寸参数

Table 1. Size parameters of upper and lower metal panels

	a_i/m	b_i/m
Upper panel	1.6	1.589
Lower panel	1.12	1.069
Notes: ${a_{\rm{i}}}$, ${b_{\rm{i}}}$—Lengthes of semimajor axis and semiminor axis of metal panels, respectively.

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表 2 贮箱共底所用各材料的热性能和力学性能

Table 2. Thermal and mechanical properties of materials for common bulkhead

	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	E/MPa	v	S_c/MPa	S_y/MPa	λ/(10⁻⁶·℃⁻¹)	C/(J(g·℃⁻¹))	k/(W(m·℃⁻¹))
Al alloy	2.84	73100	0.33	483	414	20.8	0.88	154
GFRP	1.85	26000	0.28	500	—	8	1.130	0.586
RPU	0.043	32	0.3	0.33	0.32	0.022T+24.76	1.751	0.0417
PMI	0.11	180	0.29	3.55	—	50	2.0	0.0295
Notes: ρ—Density; E—Elastic modulus; v—Poisson’s ratio; S_c, S_y—Compressive strength and yield strength, respectively; λ—Thermal expansion coefficient; C—Specific heat capacity; k—Coefficient of heat conductivity; T—Temperature; GFRP—Glass fiber reinforced plastic; RPU—Rigid polyurethane; PMI—Polymethacrylimide.

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表 3 共底结构前八阶屈曲临界载荷

Table 3. First eight critical buckling loads for common bulkhead structure

	N=1	N=2	N=3	N=4	N=5	N=6	N=7	N=8
P_Cr /MPa	0.342	0.343	0.367	0.368	0.378	0.380	0.388	0.392
Note: P_Cr—Critical buckling load.

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表 4 本文数值方法分析结果与文献[18]试验结果的对比

Table 4. Comparison between this numerical simulation results and experiment results in Ref. [18]

Load case	Upper panel			Lower panel
Load case	Experiment value/MPa	Simulation value/MPa	Relative error/%	Experiment value/MPa	Simulation value /MPa	Relative error/%
LT filling	−172.0	−185.6	7.9	178.7	180.9	1.3
LT, P₁=0.4 MPa, P₂=0.47 MPa	−174.0	−188.1	8.1	202.6	208.2	2.8
LT, P₁=0.56 MPa, P₂=0.658 MPa	−177.2	−184.6	4.2	203.0	227.9	12.3
LT, P₁=0.4 MPa, P₂=0.23 MPa	−250.7	−273.0	8.9	151.6	164.0	8.2
Notes: LT—Low temperature; P₁, P₂—Pressure of kerosene tank and oxygen tank, respectively.

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