Effect of ambient temperature on the properties of piezoelectric fiber composites
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摘要: 针对压电纤维复合材料在航天、航空领域的应用，研究极端环境温度对复合材料性能的影响。首先制备了基于锆钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷的压电纤维复合材料，然后测试环境温度对压电纤维复合材料电学阻抗、自由应变、驱动性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明，环境温度对压电纤维复合材料的阻抗相位角差值有显著影响。随着环境温度的升高，压电纤维复合材料的自由应变和悬臂梁驱动性能均先增加后减小，环境温度为20℃时性能最佳，样品的最大纵向自由应变为604.0×10−6，驱动铝板悬臂梁产生的顶端位移为0.789 mm。当环境温度为−88℃和80℃时，样品最大纵向自由应变分别为20℃时的46.9%和51.3%，顶端位移分别为20℃时的79.6%和83.7%。当环境温度从−88℃升高至80℃时，压电纤维复合材料的抗拉强度逐渐提升。Abstract: As the piezoelectric fiber composites have exhibited important applications in the areas of aerospace and aviation, it is necessary to investigate the effects of extreme environmental temperatures on their properties. In this study, the lead zirconate titanate (PAT) piezoelectric fiber composite was prepared, and the electrical impedance, free strain, actuation performance and mechanical properties of piezoelectric fiber composite were tested at different ambient temperatures. The results show that the phase angle difference of piezoelectric fiber composite changes at different ambient temperatures. Both the free strain and the actuation performance of piezoelectric fiber composite increase at first and then decrease as the ambient temperature increases. When the ambient temperature is 20℃, the longitudinal strain of the sample is 604.0×10−6, and the tip displacement generated by driving the aluminum plate is 0.789 mm. The maximum longitudinal free strains of the samples at −88℃ and 80℃ are reduced to 46.9% and 51.3% respectively, comparing with the value at 20℃, while the tip displacements are reduced to 79.6% and 83.7% respectively. When the ambient temperature increases from −88℃ to 80℃, the mechanical properties of piezoelectric fiber composites also increase.
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图 3 不同环境温度下压电纤维复合材料的阻抗频谱曲线及相位角差值与环境温度的关系
Figure 3. Impedance spectra of piezoelectric fiber composites with different temperatures and phase angles of different ambient temperatures
图 4 压电纤维复合材料的纵向自由应变和横向自由应变频谱图
Figure 4. Free strain spectra of piezoelectric fiber composites in longitudinal and transverse directions
图 5 不同环境温度下压电纤维复合材料的纵向自由应变和横向自由应变
Figure 5. Free strain performances of piezoelectric fiber composites in longitudinal and transverse directions at various temperatures
图 6 不同环境温度下压电纤维复合材料的等效纵向压电系数d33和等效横向压电系数d31
Figure 6. Equivalent piezoelectric coefficients of piezoelectric fiber composites in longitudinal d33 and transverse d31 directions at various temperatures
图 7 不同环境温度下压电纤维复合材料的顶端位移
Figure 7. Tip displacement of piezoelectric fiber composites with different ambient temperatures
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