增强改性SiO<sub>2</sub>气凝胶复合材料的研究进展

张明

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200615.001

增强改性SiO₂气凝胶复合材料的研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200615.001

张明^,

陕西国防工业职业技术学院　化学工程学院，西安 710300

详细信息

通讯作者:
张明，硕士，讲师，研究方向为精细与功能高分子材料　E-mail：448712189@qq.com

中图分类号: TQ427
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-30
- 录用日期: 2020-06-01
- 网络出版日期: 2020-06-15
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-15

Research progress of reinforced SiO₂ aerogel composites

ZHANG Ming^,

School of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Institute of Technology, Xi’an 710300, China

摘要

摘要: SiO₂气凝胶是一种含有纳米介孔结构的轻质固体材料，具有高孔隙率、高比表面积、低导热性、低介电性等特性，在隔热、吸附、吸声、发光、催化、电子等工业领域具有广阔的应用前景。但SiO₂气凝胶自身孔结构存在易碎、易坍塌等缺陷，导致应用受到较大限制。在保持SiO₂气凝胶良好特性的前提下，对其进行增强改性制备力学性能优良的SiO₂气凝胶复合材料是近年来的研究热点。本文报道了无机/有机纤维增强改性SiO₂气凝胶、有机聚合物增强改性SiO₂气凝胶及无机物掺杂增强改性SiO₂气凝胶等复合材料的主要制备工艺过程、材料综合性能表现及增强改性机制，探讨了增强改性SiO₂气凝胶复合材料研究进展及重点方向，以期为增强改性SiO₂气凝胶复合材料的研究和应用提供新的设计思路。
- SiO₂气凝胶 /
- 增强改性 /
- 复合材料 /
- 纤维 /
- 有机聚合物 /
- 无机杂化
Abstract: The SiO₂ aerogel is a lightweight solid material containing nano mesoporous structure. The SiO₂ aerogel has the characteristics of high porosity, high specific surface area, low thermal conductivity and low dielectric properties. The SiO₂ aerogel has broad application prospects in the fields of heat insulation, adsorption, sound absorption, luminescence, catalysis, electronics and other industrial fields. However, porous structure of SiO₂ aerogel is fragile and easy to collapse, which leads to the application being limited. The research focuses on the preparation of SiO₂ aerogel composites with excellent mechanical properties, but without significantly impairing the other good properties. The main preparation process, composites performance and reinforcement mechanism of SiO₂ aerogel composites reinforced by fiber, organic polymer and inorganic doping were introduced. In order to provide new design ideas for the study and application of SiO₂ aerogel composites, the research progress and key directions of the reinforced SiO₂ aerogel composites were discussed.
- SiO₂ aerogels /
- reinforced /
- composites /
- fiber /
- organic polymer /
- inorganic hybrid

HTML全文

图 1 玻璃纤维(GF)/SiO₂气凝胶复合材料的SEM图像^[27]

Figure 1. SEM image of glass fiber (GF)/SiO₂ aerogel composite^[27]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 硅胶质量分数为5wt%的GF/SiO₂气凝胶复合材料的SEM图像^[29]

Figure 2. SEM image of GF/SiO₂ aerogel composite with silica gel mass fraction of 5wt%^[29]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 添加气相SiO₂的GF/SiO₂气凝胶复合材料的SEM图像^[31]

Figure 3. SEM image of GF/SiO₂ aerogel composite with fumed SiO₂^[31]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 聚醚基有机/无机复合SiO₂气凝胶的SEM图像^[48]

Figure 4. SEM image of polyether based organic/inorganic composite SiO₂ aerogels^[48]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 Ce(Ⅲ)/SiO₂气凝胶复合材料的SEM图像^[58]

Figure 5. SEM image of Ce(Ⅲ) /SiO₂ aerogel composite^[58]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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