Fracture properties of graphene oxide reinforced cement composites
-
摘要: 将氧化石墨烯(GO)加入水泥砂浆中，以提高其抗裂性和韧性。通过三点弯曲梁法测试了GO增强水泥砂浆试件的断裂性能，采用双K断裂模型分析了GO掺量对改性水泥砂浆断裂参数的影响。结果表明：GO提高了水泥砂浆试件的起裂韧度，当GO掺量（与胶凝材料质量比）为0.01%~0.07%时，较对照组分别提高了13.4%、25.4%、24.6%和16.7%，但对失稳韧度的影响有限，不同GO掺量水泥砂浆的断裂能较对照组提高了10.7%~33.3%。结合微观试验发现，GO主要通过影响水泥水化过程，优化孔结构，促进高密度水化产物生成，提高水化产物间的粘结力，进而抑制微裂缝生成和发展。Abstract: In order to improve the toughness of cement-based materials, grapheme oxide (GO) was added into cement mortar. The effect of GO on the fracture properties of cement mortar was tested by three-point bending beam fracture test, and the fracture parameters were obtained through double K fracture model. The results show that GO improves the initial fracture toughness of cement mortar. When the GO content (mass ratio to cementitious material) is 0.01%-0.07%, the initial fracture toughness of GO reinforced cement mortar is increased by 13.4%, 25.4%, 24.6% and 16.7%, respectively, compared with the control group. However, the influence of GO on the unstable fracture toughness of cement mortar is limited. The fracture energies of GO reinforced cement mortars with different GO contents are increased by 10.7%-33.3%, compared with the control group. Combined with the microscopic test, it is found that the GO influences the hydration process of cement, optimizes pore structure and promotes the generation of high stiffness hydration products. It also improves the adhesion of hydration products, and further inhibits the generation and development of micro-cracks.
-
图 1 氧化石墨烯(GO)的微观形貌及硬度
Figure 1. Microscope morphology and thickness of grapheme oxide (GO)
图 2 GO和聚羧酸高效减水剂(PC)的FTIR图谱
Figure 2. FTIR spectra of GO and polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PC)
图 3 静置溶液
Figure 3. Static solutions ((a) GO; (b) Ca(OH)2; (c) GO+Ca(OH)2; (d) GO+PC+Ca(OH)2)
图 7 Cement和3GO/cement的荷载-裂缝口张开位移曲线
Figure 7. Load-crack mouth opening displacement curves of Cement and 3GO/cement
图 8 Cement和3GO/cement的荷载-位移曲线
Figure 8. Load-deflection curves of Cement and 3GO/cement
图 9 GO掺量对GO/水泥复合材料断裂能的影响
Figure 9. Effect of GO content on fracture energy of GO/cement composites
图 10 不同GO掺量水泥砂浆的水化放热速率曲线
Figure 10. Hydration heat evolution rate curves of cement paste with different GO contents
图 11 不同GO掺量水泥砂浆的孔隙率和孔径分布
Figure 11. Porosities and pore size distributions of cement paste with different GO contents
图 12 不同GO掺量水泥砂浆的孔径分布曲线
Figure 12. Pore size distribution curves of cement paste with different GO contents
图 13 不同GO掺量水泥砂浆的弹性模量概率分布
Figure 13. Probability distribution curves of elastic modulus of cement paste with different GO contents
LS C-S-H—Low stiffness calcium silicate hydrate; HS C-S-H—High stiffness calcium silicate hydrate; CH—Ca(OH)2
表 1 胶凝材料的化学组成
Table 1. Chemical composition of cementitious materials
wt% Composition CaO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO Cement 63.10 22.19 4.48 3.23 2.41 Fly ash (FA) 2.18 53.61 25.95 7.69 3.88 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 GO/水泥复合材料配合比
Table 2. Mix proportions of GO/cement composites
Specimen GO/% Cement/g Fly ash/g Water/g PC/% Cement 0 360 90 166.5 1.0 1GO/cement 0.01 360 90 166.5 1.0 3GO/cement 0.03 360 90 166.5 1.0 5GO/cement 0.05 360 90 166.5 1.0 7GO/cement 0.07 360 90 166.5 1.0 Note: GO and PC contents are mass ratio to cementitious material.
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 GO/水泥复合材料试件的28天抗压、抗折强度
Table 3. 28 days compressive and flexural strength of GO/cement composites
Specimen Cement 1GO/
cement3GO/
cement5GO/
cement7GO/
cementCompressive strength/MPa 40.09 46.95 51.18 49.99 47.35 Flexural strength/MPa 7.86 8.28 9.01 8.89 8.33
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 GO/水泥复合材料三点弯曲试验结果
Table 4. Three-point bending beam test results of GO/cement composites
Group E/GPa Pini/kN Pmax/kN CMODc/μm ac/mm $K_{{\rm{IC}}}^{{\rm{ini}}}$/(MPa·m1/2) $K_{{\rm{IC}}}^{{\rm{un}}}$/(MPa·m1/2) Cement 30.71 0.33 0.41 16.57 21.54 0.3589 0.6739 C.V. 0.0557 0.0412 1GO/cement 31.82 0.38 0.45 17.67 21.51 0.4089 0.7337 C.V. 0.0375 0.0398 3GO/cement 33.02 0.43 0.46 19.26 22.38 0.4500 0.7970 C.V. 0.0426 0.0975 5GO/cement 32.50 0.42 0.47 17.14 21.31 0.4472 0.7444 C.V. 0.0554 0.1008 7GO/cement 29.77 0.39 0.48 18.92 21.18 0.4188 0.7503 C.V. 0.0435 0.1194 Notes: C.V.—Coefficient of variation; E—Elasticity modulus; Pini—Crack load; Pmax—Maximum load; CMODc—Critical crack opening displacement corresponding to Pmax; ac—Critical equivalent fracture length; $K_{{\rm{IC}}}^{{\rm{ini}}}$—Fracture toughness; $K_{{\rm{IC}}}^{{\rm{un}}}$—Toughness of instability; Listed data are average values of each group.
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 不同GO掺量的水泥砂浆不同相的体积分数
Table 5. Volume fraction of different phases of cement mortar with different GO contents
vol% Cement 1GO/
cement3GO/
cement5GO/
cement7GO/
cementPorous phase 22.09 16.37 9.12 7.59 7.82 Low stiffness C-S-H 36.16 34.72 26.94 26.17 24.92 High stiffness C-S-H 31.09 35.84 48.26 50.06 49.36 CH 10.66 13.07 15.68 16.18 17.90
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 吴中伟, 廉惠珍. 高性能混凝土[M]. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 1999.WU Zhongwei, LIAN Huizhen. High performance concrete[M]. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 1999(in Chinese). [2] CAO M L, XU L, ZHANG C. Rheological and mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced cement mortar[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2018,171:736-742. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.054 [3] 李庆华, 徐松杰, 徐世烺, 等. 采用碳纳米管提高纤维砂浆的起裂断裂韧度[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2017, 20(2):186-190. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2017.02.005LI Qinghua, XU Songjie, XU Shilang, et al. Improvement of the initial fracture toughness of fiber mortar by carbon nanotubes[J]. Journal of Building Materials,2017,20(2):186-190(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2017.02.005 [4] 张鹏, 李清富, 朱海堂, 等. 纳米SiO2和钢纤维增强混凝土的断裂韧度[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2017, 20(3):366-372. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2017.03.008ZHANG Peng, LI Qingfu, ZHU Haitang, et al. Fracture toughness of nano-SiO2 and steel fiber reinforced concrete[J]. Journal of Building Materials,2017,20(3):366-372(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2017.03.008 [5] 刘金涛. 基于纳米材料的活性粉末混凝土及其基本力学性能研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2016.LIU Jintao. The mechanical properties of nanomaterials reinforced reactive powder concrete[D]. Hangzhou: Zhe-jiang University, 2016(in Chinese). [6] 施韬, 李泽鑫, 李闪闪. 碳纳米管增强水泥基复合材料的自收缩及抗裂性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2019, 36(6):1528-1535.SHI Tao, LI Zexin, LI Shanshan. Autogenous shrinkage and crack resistance of carbon nanotubesreinforced cement based composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2019,36(6):1528-1535(in Chinese). [7] JUNG M J, LEE Y S, HONG S G, et al. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC): Dispersion, mechanical properties, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE)[J]. Cement and Concrete Research,2020,131:106017. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106017 [8] PAN Z, HE L, QIU L, et al. Mechanical properties and microstructure of a graphene oxide–cement composite[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites,2015,58:140-147. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.02.001 [9] LI X Y, LU Z Y, CHUAH S, et al. Effects of graphene oxide aggregates on hydration degree, sorptivity, and tensile splitting strength of cement paste[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2017,100:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.05.002 [10] 武星星, 刘志芳, 王志勇, 等. 氧化石墨烯纳米片层增强水泥基复合材料的巴西圆盘劈裂试验研究[J]. 应用力学学报, 2018, 35(6):1333-1338, 1425.WU Xingxing, LIU Zhifang, WANG Zhiyong, et al. Brazilian disc splitting test of graphene oxide nanosheet reinforced cement matrix composites[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2018,35(6):1333-1338, 1425(in Chinese). [11] 徐世烺. 混凝土断裂力学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011.XU Shilang. Fracture mechanics of concrete[M]. Beijing: China Science Press, 2011(in Chinese). [12] LV S H, MA Y J, QIU C C, et al. Effect of graphene oxide nanosheets of microstructure and mechanical properties of cement composites[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2013,49:121-127. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.022 [13] LIN C Q, WEI W, HU Y H. Catalytic behavior of graphene oxide for cement hydration process[J]. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,2016,89:128-133. doi: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2015.11.002 [14] HORSZCZARUK E, MIJOWSKA E, KALENCZUK R J, et al. Nanocomposite of cement/graphene oxide-Impact on hydration kinetics and Young’s modulus[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2015,78:234-242. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.009 [15] WANG Q, LI S Y, PAN S, et al. Effect of graphene oxide on the hydration and microstructure of fly ash-cement system[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2019,198:106-119. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.199 [16] SAM G, PHILIPPE D, NEAL T S, et al. Understanding the behaviour of graphene oxide in Portland cement paste[J]. Cement and Concrete Research,2018,111:169-182. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.016 [17] 吕生华, 朱琳琳, 贾春茂, 等. PCs/GO复合物对水泥基材料微观结构和力学性能的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2017, 31(6):125-129, 135.LV Shenghua, ZHU Linlin, JIA Chunmao, et al. Influence of PCs/GO composites on microstructure and mechanical properties of cement based materials[J]. Materials Reports,2017,31(6):125-129, 135(in Chinese). [18] SABZIPARVAR A M, HOSSEINI E, CHINIFORUSH V, et al. Barriers to achieving highly dispersed graphene oxide in cementitious composites: An experimental and computational study[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2019,199:269-278. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.030 [19] 全国水泥标准化技术委员会. 水泥胶砂强度检验方法(ISO法): GB/T 17671—1999[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1999.National Technical Committee for Cement Standardization. Method of testing cements-Determination of strength: GB/T 17671—1999[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 1999(in Chinese). [20] 徐世烺, 余秀丽, 李庆华. 电测法确定低强混凝土裂缝起裂和等效裂缝长度[J]. 工程力学, 2015, 32(12):89. doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2014.06.ST03XU Shilang, YU Xiuli, LI Qinghua. Determination of crack initiation and equivalent crack length of low strength concrete using strain gauges[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(12):89(in Chinese). doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2014.06.ST03 [21] 徐世烺, 朱榆, 张秀芳. 水泥净浆和水泥砂浆材料的Ⅰ型断裂韧度测定[J]. 水利学报, 2008(1):41-46. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0559-9350.2008.01.007XU Shilang, ZHU Yu, ZHANG Xiufang. Determination of mode I fracture toughness of cement paste and mortar[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008(1):41-46(in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0559-9350.2008.01.007 [22] 徐世烺. 混凝土断裂试验与断裂韧度测定标准方法[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2009.XU Shilang. Standard method for fracture test and determination of fracture toughness of concrete[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2009(in Chinese). [23] 徐世烺, 卜丹, 张秀芳. 不同尺寸楔入式紧凑拉伸试件双K断裂参数的试验测定[J]. 土木工程学报, 2008, 41(2):70-76. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-131X.2008.02.011XU Shilang, BU Dan, ZHANG Xiufang. A study on double-kfracture parameters by using wedge-splitting test on compacttension specimens of various sizes[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(2):70-76(in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-131X.2008.02.011 [24] BENABED B, KADRI E H, AZZOUZ L, et al. Properties of self-compacting mortar made with various types of sand[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites,2012,34(10):1167-1173. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.07.007 [25] 徐永模, 彭杰, 赵昕南. 评价减水剂性能的新方法—砂浆坍落扩展度[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2002(S1):124-130.XU Yongmo, PENG Jie, ZHAO Xinnan. A new approach of evaluating superplasticizers by mortar slump flow test[J]. Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society,2002(S1):124-130(in Chinese). [26] LI X Y, LIU Y M, LI W G, et al. Effects of graphene oxide agglomerates on workability, hydration, microstructure and compressive strength of cement paste[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2017,145:402-410. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.058 [27] LI W G, LI X Y, CHEN S J, et al. Effects of graphene oxide on early-age hydration and electrical resistivity of Portland cement paste[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2017,136:506-514. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.066 [28] LU Z Y, CHEN B M, LEUNG C Y. Aggregation size effect of graphene oxide on its reinforcing efficiency to cement-based materials[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites,2019,100:85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.04.005 [29] TANVIR S Q, DAMAN K P. Impact of graphene oxide and highly reduced graphene oxide on cement based compo-sites[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2019,206:71-83. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.176 [30] PENG H, GE Y P, CAI C S, et al. Mechanical properties and microstructure of graphene oxide cement-based composites[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2019,194:102-109. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.234 [31] TONG T, FAN Z, LIU Q, et al. Investigation of the effects of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplatelets on the micro- and macro-properties of cementitious materials[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2016,106:102-114. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.092 [32] LIU Q, TONG T, LIU S H, et al. Investigation of using hybrid recycled powder from demolished concrete solids and clay bricks as a pozzolanic supplement for cement[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2014,73:754-763. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.066 [33] 刘巧玲, 李汉彩, 彭玉娇, 等. 多壁碳纳米管增强水泥基复合材料的纳米力学性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2020, 37(4): 952-961.LIU Qiaoling, LI Hancai, PENG Yujiao, et al. Nanomechanical properties of MWCNTS/cementitious composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2020, 37(4): 952-961(in Chinese). [34] CONSTANTINIDES G, ULM F J. The nanogranular nature of C-S-H[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,2007,55:64-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.06.003 [35] 刘仍光, 韩方晖, 阎培渝. 纳米压痕研究含矿渣硬化浆体C-S-H凝胶的特性[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2012, 55(8):1395-1402.LIU Rengguang, HAN Fanghui, YAN Peiyu. Characteristics of two types of C-S-H gel in hardened complex binder pastes blended with slag[J]. Scientia Sinica (Technologica),2012,55(8):1395-1402(in Chinese). [36] MOKHTAR M M, ABO-EL-ENEIN S A, HASSAAN M Y, et al. Mechanical performance, pore structure and micro-structural characteristics of graphene oxide nano platelets reinforced cement[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2017,138:333-339. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.021 [37] LI G Y, WANG P M, ZHAO X. Mechanical behavior and microstructure of cement composites incorporating surface-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes[J]. Carbon,2005,43(6):1239-1245. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.017 [38] MOHAMED S, LEUNG T, JASON F, et al. Enhanced properties of graphene/fly ash geopolymeric composite cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research,2015,67:292-299. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.08.011 [39] MOHAMMAD A R, JAVAD R, ZHOU W, et al. Enhanced mechanical properties of nanocomposites at low graphene content[J]. ACS Nano,2009,3(12):3884-3890. doi: 10.1021/nn9010472 -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1256
- HTML全文浏览量: 433
- PDF下载量: 80
- 被引次数: 0
