封闭型无溶剂聚氨酯超细纤维合成革基布的制备及性能

何远鑫; 马兴元; 丁博; 吴晓珍; 贺营花; 郑四龙

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200601.001

封闭型无溶剂聚氨酯超细纤维合成革基布的制备及性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200601.001

陕西科技大学　轻工科学与工程学院，西安 710021

基金项目: 福建省局域重大项目(2019H4018)

详细信息

通讯作者:
何远鑫，硕士，研究方向为聚氨酯超细纤维复合材料　E-mail：dandelion2007@hotmail.com

中图分类号: TS522.9；TS106
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-13
- 录用日期: 2020-05-29
- 网络出版日期: 2020-06-02
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-15

Preparation and properties of blocked solvent-free polyurethane ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth

College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China

摘要

摘要: 将聚酰胺6-碱溶性聚酯(PA6-COPET)海岛纤维非织造布与封闭型无溶剂聚氨酯(BSFPU)通过浸渍、碱减量和后整理等工艺制备了BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布。分析和探讨了BSFPU浸渍量对超细纤维合成革基布力学性能和卫生性能的影响，采用电子扫描显微镜对其微观结构进行表征。结果表明：海岛纤维经过减量后形成具有37根纤维且单纤直径约为3 μm的束状超细纤维，BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布形成了近似天然皮革的微观结构。随着BSFPU浸渍量的提高，碱减量过程减量率从31.59wt%降低至28.22wt%；BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布的断裂伸长率和撕裂强度下降；拉伸强度保持不变直到浸渍量大于100wt%时开始下降；透气量从50 086 mL/(m²·s)降低至24 757 mL/(m²·s)，透水汽量从790.47 mg/(10 cm²·24 h)下降至488.70 mg/(10 cm²·24 h)。经过测试，BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布能够满足行业检测标准，并且其卫生性能明显优于市售溶剂型聚氨酯超细纤维合成革基布。
- 封闭型无溶剂聚氨酯 /
- 合成革 /
- 复合材料 /
- 力学性能 /
- 微观结构
Abstract: Blocked solvent-free polyurethane (BSFPU) ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth was composed of polyamide 6-alkali soluble polyester (PA6-COPET) sea-island fiber nonwoven and blocked solvent-free polyurethane through impregnation, alkali decrement and finishing method. Microstructures changing during preparation were observed by scanning electron microscope, and then the effect of BSFPU leaching ratio on the mechanical property and hygienic performance of BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth was studied. The results show that the sea island fibers are reduced to 37 bundles with a diameter of about 3 μm and the microstructure similar to natural leather is observed in BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth. With the BSFPU leaching ratio increasing, the deweighting rate in the process of alkali decrement goes down from 31.59wt% to 28.22wt%; the elongation at break and tear strength of BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth reduce continuously; the tensile strength almost remains the same result and the number begins to decline until the leaching ratio above 100wt%; the air permeability also decreases from 50 086 mL/(m²·s) to 24 757 mL/(m²·s) and the water vapor permeability reduces from 790.47 mg/(10 cm²·24 h) to 488.70 mg/(10 cm²·24 h). After testing, BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth can meet the industry standards and its hygienic performance is significantly higher than commercially available solvent-based polyurethane ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth.
- blocked solvent-free polyurethane /
- synthetic leather /
- composite materials /
- mechanical property /
- microstructure

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图 1 封闭型无溶剂聚氨酯(BSFPU)超细纤维合成革基布的制备示意图

Figure 1. Preparation process of blocked solvent-free polyurethane (BSFPU) ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth

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图 2 BSFPU的解封与固化反应机制

Figure 2. Mechanism of deblocking and curing reaction of BSFPU

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图 3 海岛纤维非织造布×500(a)、浸渍BSFPU后的非织造布×1 000 (b)、BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布×1 000 (c)和BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布×5 000 (d)的SEM图像

Figure 3. SEM images of sea-island fiber nonwovens×500 (a), impregnated BSFPU nonwoven×1 000 (b), BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth×1 000 (c) and BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth×5 000 (d)

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图 4 BSFPU浸渍量对BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布碱减量率的影响

Figure 4. Effect of BSFPU leaching ratio on alkali deweighting rate of BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth

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图 5 BSFPU浸渍量对BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布撕裂强度的影响

Figure 5. Effect of BSFPU leaching ratio on tearing strength of BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth

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图 6 BSFPU浸渍量对BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布拉伸性能的影响

Figure 6. Effect of BSFPU leaching ratio on tensile properties of BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth

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图 7 BSFPU浸渍量对BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布透气性和透水汽性的影响

Figure 7. Effect of BSFPU leaching ratio on air and water vapor permeability of BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth

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表 1 不同BSFPU浸渍率下BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布的表观密度、压缩弹性率和比压缩弹性率

Table 1. Apparent density, compression resiliency rate and contrast compression resiliency rate of BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth with different BSFPU leaching ratios

Leaching ratio/wt%	25	50	75	100	125	150	Solvent-based polyurethane ultrafine synthetic leatherbase cloth
Apparent density/(g·cm⁻³)	0.313	0.382	0.402	0.423	0.538	0.569	0.443
Compression resiliency rate/%	26.316	30.769	56.522	53.846	43.333	54.141	57.143
Contrast compression resiliency rate/%	1.736	2.597	2.549	2.000	2.301	2.325	2.664

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表 2 BSFPU超细纤维合成革基布、水性聚氨酯(WPU)超细纤维合成革基布和溶剂型聚氨酯超细纤维合成革基布的性能对比

Table 2. Properties comparison of BSFPU ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth and solvent-based polyurethane ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth

Property		BSFPU microfiber synthetic leather base	WPU microfiber synthetic leather base	Solvent-based polyurethane ultrafine synthetic leather base cloth	QB/T2888—2007^[22]
Thickness/mm		1.55	1.73	1.41	≥1.2
Tension load/N	Radial	189.60	100.96	607.00	≥100
Tension load/N	Weft	201.03	122.13	540.30	≥100
Elongation at break/%	Radial	102.81	101.92	75.25	≥25
Elongation at break/%	Weft	73.06	91.38	119.20	≥25
Tear strength/N	Radial	46.83	56.19	106.41	≥35
Tear strength/N	Weft	51.60	65.47	105.77	≥35
Air permeability/ (mL(m²·s)⁻¹)		41 911	73 469	18 947	—
Water vapor permeability/ (mg(10 cm²·24 h)⁻¹)		733.90	820.00	290.14	—

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