Effect of nano-SiO2 mass fraction on the interface performance of glued carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite-steel specimen
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摘要: 胶黏剂力学性能对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)加固钢结构的界面黏结性能影响显著。基于研制的胶黏剂配比，分析了不同纳米SiO2质量分数对胶黏剂常温固化后基本力学性能及微观结构的影响，制作了31个CFRP板-钢板双搭接试件，对其进行了常温固化后的承载能力、有效黏结长度、传力模式、黏结-滑移本构等试验研究，得出了纳米SiO2质量分数对CFRP板-钢板搭接试件界面黏结性能的影响规律，并与常用商品胶黏剂进行了比较。研究结果表明：随纳米SiO2质量分数的增加，胶黏剂应力-应变关系由线性转变为非线性，应变能、断裂伸长率及剪切强度分别最高提升了292.10%、202.88%和133.12%。微观结构分析表明纳米SiO2的添加使断面粗糙度显著增加，形成了密集的塑性空穴，产生了更多的微裂纹，使胶黏剂的韧性大幅度提高。当纳米SiO2质量分数从0增至1wt%，搭接试件破坏模式由界面破坏逐渐变为CFRP板层离破坏。掺入纳米SiO2能显著增加搭接试件的极限承载力(提升256.96%)及界面有效黏结长度(提升3倍)，提高CFRP表面的应变及界面剪应力峰值。纳米SiO2质量分数为0与0.5wt%的搭接试件的黏结-滑移曲线为双线性三角形模型，纳米SiO2质量分数为1wt%的搭接试件的黏结-滑移曲线为三线性梯形模型，黏结界面韧性大幅提升。CFRP-钢界面承载能力受胶黏剂拉伸强度与断裂伸长率的双重影响，非线性高强度(即具有较高应变能)胶黏剂对应的CFRP-钢搭接接头具有更好的界面性能。
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关键词:
- CFRP复合材料-钢搭接接头 /
- 纳米SiO2环氧树脂胶黏剂 /
- 微观结构 /
- 破坏模式 /
- 黏结-滑移本构
Abstract: The mechanical performance of adhesives has significant effects on the interfacial bond behavior of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)-reinforced steel structures. Based on the developed ratio of adhesives, the effects of different nano-SiO2 on the basic mechanical properties and microstructure of the adhesives after curing at room temperature were analyzed. A total of 31 CFRP plate-steel double lap joint specimens were fabricated, and the experimental researches on bearing capacity, effective bonding length, force transmission mode, and bond-slip constitutive after curing at room temperature were carried out. The influence of the amount of nano-SiO2 on the interfacial bonding properties of CFRP-steel lap joints was obtained and compared with commonly used adhesives. The results show that with the increase of nano-SiO2, the stress-strain relationship of the adhesive changes from linear to nonlinear, the strain energy, elongation at break and shear strength are increased by 292.10%, 202.88% and 133.12%, respectively. Microstructural analysis shows that the addition of nano-SiO2 significantly increases the section roughness forms dense plastic cavities, resulting in more microcracks, and greatly improves the toughness of the adhesive. When the amount of nano-SiO2 is from 0 to 1wt%, the failure mode changes from interface failure to CFRP plate delamination. The incorporation of nano-SiO2 can increase the ultimate bearing capacity of the lap test piece (increase by 256.96%) and the effective bond length of the interface (up to 3 times), and improve the strain and interfacial shear stress peak of CFRP surface. The bond-slip curves could be simplified into a bilinear model (triangle-shape) for CFRP-steel joints with 0 and 0.5wt% of the nano-SiO2, the bond-slip curve could be simplified into a trilinear model (trapezoidal-shape) of CFRP-steel joints with 1wt% of nano-SiO2, and the bonding interface toughness is greatly improved. The bearing capacity of CFRP-steel interface is affected by the tensile strength and elongation at break of the adhesive. The CFRP-steel lap joint based on nonlinear high-strength adhesive (i.e. adhesive with higher strain energy) has excellent interface performance. -
图 3 CFRP-钢双搭接接头的形式及应变片布置
Figure 3. CFRP-steel double lap joint form and strain gauge arrangement
图 7 胶黏剂拉伸名义应力-应变曲线
Figure 7. Tensile nominal stress-strain curves of adhesive specimen
图 9 胶黏剂基本力学性能随纳米SiO2掺量变化
Figure 9. Basic mechanical properties of adhesives varied with the amount of nano- SiO2
图 12 CFRP-钢双搭接试件荷载-位移曲线
Figure 12. Load-displacement curves of CFRP-steel double lap test piece
图 13 ZR14胶黏剂的CFRP-钢试件极限荷载与黏结长度之间的关系
Figure 13. Relationship between ultimate load and bond length of CFRP-steel specimens of ZR14 adhesive
图 17 CFRP-钢界面剪应力峰值的预测值与实验值比较
Figure 17. Comparison between the predicted and tested maximum bond stress of CFRP-steel interface
图 18 CFRP-钢界面断裂能的预测值与实验值比较
Figure 18. Comparison between the predicted and tested interfacial fracture energy of CFRP-steel interface
图 19 CFRP-钢搭接试件极限承载力的预测值与实验值比较
Figure 19. Comparison between the predicted and tested ultimate loads of CFRP-steel lap joint
图 20 本文胶黏剂与商品胶黏剂的应力-应变曲线
Figure 20. Stress and strain curves of adhesives developed in this paper and commercial adhesives
图 21 CFRP-钢界面黏结-滑移本构模型的比较
Figure 21. Comparison of bond-slip constitutive models at CFRP-steel interface
表 1 胶黏剂中纳米SiO2与环氧树脂质量
Table 1. Mass of nano-SiO2 and epoxy resin in adhesive specimen
Number ZR10 ZR11 ZR12 ZR13 ZR14 ZR15 Epoxy resin/g 120 120 120 120 120 120 Nano-SiO2/g 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.8 
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表 2 碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)板及钢板材料性能
Table 2. Material properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate and steel plate
Material property CFRP laminate Steel plate Thickness/mm 1.4 12 Width/mm 50 50 Tensile strength/MPa 2 263 514 Elasticity modulus/GPa 161.2 206 Elongation at break/% 1.65 —
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表 3 纳米SiO2质量分数对CFRP-钢双搭接试件试验结果影响
Table 3. Effect of the mass fraction of nano-SiO2 on test results of CFRP-steel double lap test pieces
Specimen number Ta/mm Limit displacement/mm Ultimate load/kN Average bond strength/MPa Failure mode ${D_{{\rm{max}}} }$ Average ${P_{{\rm{max}}} }$ Average ${\overline p _{\max }}$ Average ZR10-120-1 1.11 0.89 0.88 45.42 44.68 3.79 3.73 a ZR10-120-2 1.09 0.76 37.88 3.16 a ZR10-120-3 1.12 1.00 50.74 4.23 b ZR11-120-1 1.12 1.25 1.11 67.52 57.55 5.63 4.80 a ZR11-120-2 1.14 1.11 54.77 4.56 b ZR11-120-3 1.10 0.96 50.37 4.20 b,d ZR12-120-1 1.09 1.96 2.11 100.75 102.31 8.40 8.53 d ZR12-120-2 1.13 1.90 90.25 7.52 d ZR12-120-3 1.12 2.37 109.73 9.14 d ZR12-120-4 1.11 2.21 108.51 9.04 d ZR13-120-1 1.08 2.64 2.55 128.17 121.46 10.68 10.12 d ZR13-120-2 1.10 2.45 113.74 9.48 d ZR13-120-3 1.13 2.56 122.51 10.21 d ZR14-120-1 1.12 3.52 3.11 146.86 159.49 12.24 13.29 d ZR14-120-2 1.11 3.13 157.71 13.14 d ZR14-120-3 1.11 3.59 173.89 14.49 d ZR15-120-1 1.12 0.92 0.89 43.93 42.86 3.66 3.57 b ZR15-120-2 1.14 0.94 45.34 3.78 b ZR15-120-3 1.15 0.82 39.30 3.28 a Notes: Specimen number ZR**-A-B: ZR** indicates type of adhesive, the character A indicates bond length of specimen, and the character B indicates the serial number of specimens in each group; Ta—Thickness of adhesive layer; Dmax—Limit displacement. It represents variation of the distance between A1 and B1 points when specimens failed, as shown in Fig.3; Pmax—Ultimate load; ${\overline p _{\max }}$—Average bond strength; Failure mode—a indicates CFRP and adhesive debonding failure; b indicates steel and adhesive debonding failure; d indicates CFRP delamination.
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表 4 CFRP -钢界面剪应力峰值的预测值与实验值比较
Table 4. Comparison between the predicted and tested maximum shear stress of CFRP-steel interface
Specimen Epoxy fa/MPa Prediction result/MPa Test result/MPa Prediction result/test result ZR12-120-1 ZR12 45.28 22.64 26.26 0.86 ZR12-120-2 ZR12 45.28 22.64 23.80 0.95 ZR12-120-3 ZR12 45.28 22.64 19.98 1.13 ZR14-120-1 ZR14 44.09 22.05 22.97 0.96 ZR14-120-2 ZR14 44.09 22.05 22.53 0.98 ZR14-120-3 ZR14 44.09 22.05 25.51 0.86 C120[34] Araldite 2011 (CNT) 52.40 26.20 23.80 1.10 P120[34] Araldite 2011 (pure) 40.00 20.00 21.80 0.92 T1-1[3] T1 50.00 25.00 25.37 0.99 Tc-1[3] Tc 25.69 12.85 11.79 1.09 D-NM-T1 –I[35] Araldite 420 21.46 10.73 11.00 0.98 Average — — — — 0.984 Variance — — — — 0.008 Note: fa—Tensile strength of adhesive.
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表 5 CFRP-钢界面断裂能的预测值与实验值比较
Table 5. Comparison between the predicted and tested fracture energy of CFRP-steel interface
Specimen Strain energy
$\omega $/MPaThickness of
adhesive/mmPrediction result /
(N·mm−1)Test result /
(N·mm−1)Prediction result/
test resultZR12-120 0.06 1.12 2.42 3.19 0.76 ZR14-120 0.12 1.11 6.74 6.70 1.01 A350-0.5-1[34] 0.165 0.52 7.59 6.24 1.22 A350-1.0-1[34] 0.165 0.99 10.26 10.19 1.01 A350-2.0-1[34] 0.165 1.90 13.92 13.79 1.01 A-NM-T1-I[35] 0.0405 1.07 1.32 1.05 1.25 A-NM-T1.5[35] 0.0405 1.53 1.56 1.38 1.13 A-NM-T2[35] 0.0405 2.06 1.79 1.78 1.01 C-MM-T1[35] 0.1475 1.04 8.89 10.35 0.86 Average 1.048 Variance 0.113
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表 6 本文研制的胶黏剂与商品胶黏剂的主要力学性能指标
Table 6. Main mechanical properties of adhesives developed in this paper and commercial adhesives
Name ZR12 ZR14 Sika330 Araldite420 Sika30 Lica131 Tensile strength/MPa 45.28 44.09 24.40 30.50 25.30 26.60 Elongation at break/% 2.38 4.21 0.54 4.09 0.22 0.69 Elastic modulus/MPa 2 217 1 544 4 870 2 410 12 130 3 990 Strain energy/(N·mm-2) 0.05784 0.11669 0.00706 0.09965 0.00326 0.01021
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表 7 CFRP-钢界面黏结-滑移本构参数的比较
Table 7. Comparison of bond-slip constitutive parameters of CFRP-steel interface
parameter ZR14 Sika330 Araldite420 Sika30 Lica131 HJ-69EH ${\tau _{\rm{f}}}$/MPa 22.34 14.50 22.00 8.54 17.00 25.98 ${\delta _{\rm{f}}}$/mm 0.419 0.28 0.40 0.29 0.26 0.40 $K$/(MPa·mm−1) 227.96 59.00 57.89 47.44 65.38 355.00 ${G_{\rm{f}}}$/(MPa·mm−1) 6.691 1.94 4.40 1.20 2.21 6.87 Notes: τf—Peak shear stress; δf—Limit slip; K—Interfacial stiffness; Gf—Interfacial fracture energy.
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