Arc erosion behavior of multi-particle TiB2/Cu composite
-
摘要: 采用粉末冶金工艺制备了不同配比的多粒径(2 μm+10 μm+50 μm) TiB2/Cu复合材料。通过JF04C触点材料测试系统对多粒径TiB2/Cu复合材料进行耐电弧侵蚀性能试验,研究(2 μm+10 μm+50 μm) TiB2颗粒质量比分别为1∶1∶1、1∶1∶3、1∶3∶1、3∶1∶1时,TiB2/Cu复合材料的耐电弧侵蚀性能及电弧侵蚀形貌变化规律,探究多粒径配比对TiB2/Cu复合材料表层耐电弧侵蚀行为的影响。结果表明:当(2 μm+10 μm+50 μm) TiB2颗粒质量比为1∶1∶1时,TiB2/Cu复合材料相对密度和导电率最高,分别为99.1%和87.1%IACS。当(2 μm+10 μm+50 μm) TiB2颗粒质量比为1∶1∶1和1∶3∶1时,TiB2/Cu复合材料的组织均匀性较好,电弧侵蚀后材料损失相同,材料转移量最少。其中,质量比为1∶3∶1时,TiB2/Cu复合材料平均燃弧能量最低,且燃弧时间和燃弧能量最稳定。研究表明,这与复合材料的综合物理性能密切相关。在颗粒增强Cu基复合材料设计过程中,引入合适配比的多粒径TiB2颗粒有助于提高TiB2/Cu复合材料的密度、导电率等综合物理性能。电弧侵蚀过程中,不同粒径的TiB2颗粒相互协同作用,有助于提高TiB2/Cu复合材料的耐电弧侵蚀性能和服役稳定性。
-
关键词:
- 粉末冶金 /
- 多粒径 /
- TiB2/Cu复合材料 /
- 电弧侵蚀 /
- 材料转移
Abstract: TiB2/Cu composites with multi-particle (2 μm+10 μm+50 μm) were prepared by powder metallurgy. The arc erosion resistance of multi-particle TiB2/Cu composites was tested in a JF04C contact material testing system. The arc erosion resistance and morphology of TiB2/Cu composites were studied when the mass ratios of TiB2 particles (2 μm+10 μm+50 μm) were 1∶1∶1, 1∶1∶3, 1∶3∶1 and 3∶1∶1, respectively. The results show that when the (2 μm+10 μm+50 μm) TiB2 particle mass ratio is 1∶1∶1, the TiB2/Cu composite has the highest relative density and conductivity of 99.1% and 87.1%IACS, respectively. When the (2 m+10 m+50 m) TiB2 particle mass ratio are 1∶1∶1 and 1∶3∶1, the structure uniformity of the TiB2/Cu composites is better, the material loss is the same after arc erosion, and the material loss of the TiB2/Cu composite is lower than the composites with other ratios. When the ratio is 1∶3∶1, the TiB2/Cu composite has the lowest average arc energy, and the arc duration and arc energy are the most stable. It can be concluded that the introduction of appropriate multi-particle TiB2 particles into Cu matrix can improve the density and electrical conductivity of the TiB2/Cu composites. In the process of arc erosion, TiB2 particles with different sizes cooperate with each other, which is helpful to enhance the arc erosion resistance and service stability of the TiB2/Cu composites.-
Key words:
- powder metallurgy /
- multi-particle /
- TiB2/Cu composites /
- arc erosion /
- material transfer
-
表 1 纯Cu与多粒径TiB2/Cu复合材料的综合性能
Table 1. Comprehensive properties of pure Cu and multi-particle TiB2/Cu composites
Particle size of TiB2/μm Relative density/% Electrical conductivity/%IACS Hardness/HBW 2+10+50(1∶1∶1) 99.1 87.1±1.2 67.8±0.4 2+10+50(1∶3∶1) 98.4 84.7±1.5 69.2±1.2 2+10+50(1∶1∶3) 98.2 83.9±1.7 72.0±0.6 2+10+50(3∶1∶1) 97.9 83.2±0.8 66.8±0.4 Cu 99.5 96.6±0.6 55.7±0.4 -
[1] GUO Xiuhua, ZHOU Yanjun, SONG Kexing, et al. Microstructure and properties of Cu-Mg alloy treated by internal oxidation[J]. Materials Science and Technology,2018,34(6):648-653. doi: 10.1080/02670836.2017.1410354 [2] BAGHERI G A. The effect of reinforcement percentages on properties of copper matrix composites reinforced with TiC particles[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,676:120-126. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.03.085 [3] 陆东梅, 杨瑞霞, 王清周. 掺杂纳米SnO2-Al2O3/Cu新型电触头复合材料的制备及耐磨性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2016, 33(12):2815-2823.LU Dongmei, YANG Ruixia, WANG Qingzhou. Fabrication and wear resistances of doped nano-SnO2-Al2O3/Cu novel electrical contact composites[J]. Acta Materiea Compo-site Sinica,2016,33(12):2815-2823(in Chinese). [4] ZHANG Xiaohui, ZHANG Yi, TIAN Baohong, et al. Arc erosion behavior of the Al2O3-Cu/(W, Cr) electrical contacts[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science & Manufacturing,2019,160(3):110-118. [5] ZHU S, LIU Yong, TIAN B, et al. Arc erosion behavior and mechanism of Cu/Cr20 electrical contact material[J]. Vacuum,2017,143:129-137. doi: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.06.002 [6] GUO Xiuhua, SONG Kexing, LIANG Shuhua, et al. Relationship between the MgOp/Cu interfacial bonding state and the arc erosion resistance of MgO/Cu composites[J]. Journal of Materials Research,2017,32(19):3753-3760. doi: 10.1557/jmr.2017.321 [7] JIANG Y H, LI D, LIANG S H, et al. Phase selection of titanium boride in copper matrix composites during solidification[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2017,52(5):2957-2963. doi: 10.1007/s10853-016-0592-2 [8] ZOU C L, KANG H J, WANG W, et al. Effect of La addition on the particle characteristics, mechanical and electrical properties of in situ Cu-TiB2 composites[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,687:312-319. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.06.129 [9] YU Z L, ZHU H G, HUANG J W, et al. Processing and characterization of in-situ ultrafine TiB2-Cu composites from Ti-B-Cu system[J]. Powder Technology,2017,320:66-72. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.07.036 [10] KUMAR M, GUPTA G K, MODI O P, et al. Effect of separate and combined milling of Cu and TiB2 powders on the electrical and mechanical properties of Cu-TiB2 composites[J]. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly,2016,56(1):58-66. [11] GUO X, SONG K, LING S, et al. Effect of Al2O3 particle size on electrical wear performance of Al2O3/Cu compo-sites[J]. Tribology Transactions,2016,59(1):170-177. doi: 10.1080/10402004.2015.1061079 [12] ĎURIŠINOVÁ K, ĎURIŠIN J, OROLÍNOVÁ M, et al. Effect of mechanical milling on nanocrystalline grain stability and properties of Cu-Al2O3 composite prepared by thermo-chemical technique and hot extrusion[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,618:204-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.08.177 [13] 庄伟彬, 宗亚平, 张跃波. 铁基复合材料碳化硅粒子混合尺寸增强作用机理[J]. 材料科学与工程学报, 2013(1):1-5.ZHUANG Weibin, ZONG Yaping, ZHANG Yuebo. Mechanism of SiC particle mixing size enhancement in iron matrix composites[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering,2013(1):1-5(in Chinese). [14] 贺鹏. HPT法制备多粒径SiCp/Al基复合材料及组织性能研究[D]. 合肥: 合肥工业大学, 2015.HE Peng. Preparation and microstructure and properties of SiCp/Al matrix composites with multi-particle SiCp/Al by HPT[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2015(in Chinese). [15] BINDUMADHAVAN P N , WAH H K , PRABHAKAR O. Dual particle size (DPS) composites: Effect on wear and mechanical properties of particulate metal matrix composites[J]. Wear,2001,248(1-2):112-120. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00546-9 [16] ZOU C, CHEN Z, GUO E, et al. A nano-micro dual-scale particulate-reinforced copper matrix composite with high strength, high electrical conductivity and superior wear resistance[J]. RSC Advances,2018,8(54):30777-30782. doi: 10.1039/C8RA06020G [17] MIN Z, GAOHUI W, ZUOYONG D, et al. TiB2P/Al compo-site fabricated by squeeze casting technology[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A,2004,374(1-2):303-306. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.003 [18] WU N, XUE F, YANG H, et al. Effects of TiB2 particle size on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB2-based composites[J]. Ceramics International,2019,45(1):1370-1378. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.08.270 [19] 张胜利, 国秀花, 宋克兴, 等. 多粒径TiB2颗粒增强铜基复合材料制备与载流摩擦磨损的特性[J]. 复合材料学报, 2019, 36(10):93-101.ZHANG Shengli, GUO Xiuhua, SONG Kexing, et al. Preparation and electrical wear characteristics of copper matrix composites reinforced with mixing sized TiB2 particles[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2019,36(10):93-101(in Chinese). [20] MALEQUE A, KARIM R. Tribological behavior of dual and triple particle size SiC reinforced Al-MMCs: A comparative study[J]. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology,2008,60(4):189-194. doi: 10.1108/00368790810881533 [21] DINAHARAN I, SARAVANAKUMAR S, KALAISELVAN K, et al. Microstructure and sliding wear characterization of Cu/TiB2 copper matrix composites fabricated via friction stir processing[J]. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies,2018,5(3):295-303. [22] XI Y, WANG X H, ZHOU Z J, et al. Material transfer behavior of AgTiB2 contact under different contact forces and electrode gaps[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2019,29(5):1046-1056. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(19)65013-2 [23] 李国辉, 刘勇, 国秀花, 等. TiB2/Cu复合材料的电弧侵蚀行为[J]. 复合材料学报, 2018, 35(3):616-622.LI Guohui, LIU Yong, GUO Xiuhua, et al. Arc erosion behavior of TiB2/Cu composites[J]. Acta Meteriae Composite Sinica,2018,35(3):616-622(in Chinese). -