高定向石墨/铜复合材料的制备和热物理性能

曾凡坤; 马洪兵; 江南; 薛晨

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20191230.001

高定向石墨/铜复合材料的制备和热物理性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20191230.001

中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所，宁波 315201

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51501209)；宁波自然科学基金(2017A610010)

详细信息

通讯作者:
曾凡坤，硕士，高级助理，研究方向为金属基导热复合材料　E-mail：zengfankun@nimte.ac.cn

中图分类号: TB333
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-09-25
- 录用日期: 2019-11-16
- 网络出版日期: 2019-12-31
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-15

Preparation and thermophysical properties of aligned graphite flake/Cu composites

Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201, China

摘要

摘要: 为了制备出具有优良热物理性能的石墨/铜复合材料，采用流延法将天然鳞片石墨定向排列在铜箔表面，并使用真空热压法制备具有层状结构的高定向石墨/铜复合材料。使用XRD和SEM等表征方法分析样品的微观形貌和成分，结果表明，在高温的作用下，流延所使用的溶剂充分挥发，热压后石墨仍高定向排列在相邻的两层铜箔之间，并相互搭接；部分熔化的铜在压力作用下渗透到石墨层的孔隙处，铜层之间相互贯穿。这种结构使石墨/铜复合材料具有优良的热物理性能。当石墨体积分数为20vol%~70vol%时，石墨/铜复合材料在高导热平面内热导率高达402~743 W/(m·K)，抗弯强度达到126~48 MPa。深入讨论了石墨/铜复合材料的热传导机制，并建立了导热预测模型。
- 石墨/铜 /
- 热传导机制 /
- 模型分析 /
- 抗弯强度 /
- 流延法 /
- 真空热压法 /
- 金属基复合材料
Abstract: In order to prepare graphite/Cu composites with excellent thermodynamic properties, the natural graphite flakes were highly oriented on the surface of copper foil by tape casting method. The high-oriented graphite flake/Cu composites with layered structure were prepared by vacuum hot-pressing method. The phases and morphology of graphite flake/Cu composites were characterized by XRD and SEM. The results show that the solvent used for casting is fully volatilized after heat-treated process. The aligned graphite flakes between two copper foil layers overlap each other and partially melted copper penetrates other copper layers across the pores of the graphite layer. This structure allows the graphite/Cu composite to achieve excellent thermophysical properties. As the volume fraction of graphite is 20vol% to 70vol%, the thermal conductivity of the graphite flake/Cu composite increases from 402 W/(m·K) to 743 W/(m·K) in high thermal conductivity plane, while the bending strength is 126~48 MPa.The heat transfer mechanism of graphite flake/Cu composites is discussed deeply and a thermal conductivity prediction model has been established.
- graphite/Cu /
- thermal heat transfer mechanism /
- analytical modeling /
- bending strength /
- tape casting process /
- vacuum hot-pressing method /
- metal matrix composite

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图 1 材料的微观形貌：(a)原始石墨；(b)石墨镀覆在铜箔上

Figure 1. Microstructure of raw graphite(a) and Cu foil coated with graphite(b)

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图 2 石墨/铜复合材料的XRD图谱

Figure 2. XRD patterns of graphite/Cu composites

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图 3 石墨/铜复合材料分别在Z平面和X-Y平面内的微观形貌：((a)、(b))石墨体积分数为30 vol%；((c)、(d))石墨体积分数为50vol%；((e)、(f))石墨体积分数为70vol%

Figure 3. SEM images of graphite/Cu composites in Z plane and X-Y plane with different volume fractions of graphite: ((a),(b))30vol%; ((c),(d))50vol%; ((e),(f))70vol%

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图 4 不同石墨体积分数的石墨/铜复合材料石墨取向与X-Y平面夹角(β)的分布频率

Figure 4. Distribution frequencies of the angles(β) between graphite orientation and X-Y plane of graphite/Cu composites with different graphite volume fractions

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图 5 不同石墨体积分数的石墨/铜复合材料的热导率

Figure 5. Thermal conductivities of graphite/Cu composites with different graphite volume fractions

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图 6 石墨/铜复合材料的断口形貌

Figure 6. Fracture morphologies of graphite/Cu composites

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图 7 不同石墨/金属基复合材料的热导率-弯曲强度对比

Figure 7. Comparison of thermal conductivities and bending strengths of different graphite/metal matrix composites

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表 1 石墨和铜的物理参数

Table 1. Physical parameters of graphite and Cu

Material	Density/(kg·m⁻³)	Specific heat capacity/(J·(kg·K)⁻¹)	Phonon velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Thermal conductivity/(W·(m·K)⁻¹)
Graphite^{[11, 14]}	2 260	710	14 800	1 000^X-Y
Graphite^{[11, 14]}	2 260	710	14 800	38^Z
Cu^[22]	8 900	385	2 500	380

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表 2 不同石墨体积分数的石墨/铜复合材料的热物理性能和弯曲强度

Table 2. Thermophysical properties and bending strengths of graphite/Cu composites with different graphite volume fractions

Volume fraction of graphite/vol%	Density/ (kg·m⁻³)	Specific heat capacity/(J·(kg·K)⁻¹)	Thermal diffusion coefficient/(mm²·s⁻¹)		Thermal conductivity/ (W/(m·K))		Bending strength/MPa
Volume fraction of graphite/vol%	Density/ (kg·m⁻³)	Specific heat capacity/(J·(kg·K)⁻¹)	X-Y	Z	X-Y	Z	Bending strength/MPa
20	7 452	409	132	47	402	143	126
30	6 818	421	173	38	497	109	115
40	6 124	436	215	28	574	75	101
50	5 493	455	250	23	625	58	85
60	4 811	478	296	19	681	44	66
70	4 160	509	351	17	743	36	48

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