石墨烯/功能聚合物复合材料

周浪; 王涛

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20190919.001

石墨烯/功能聚合物复合材料

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20190919.001

周浪,
王涛^,

南昌大学　材料科学与工程学院，南昌 330031

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51863015)；江西省“双千计划”(jxsq2018106025)

详细信息

通讯作者:
王涛，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为功能性复合材料　E-mail：wangt0715@ncu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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- 文章访问数: 1951
- HTML全文浏览量: 341
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-09
- 录用日期: 2019-08-30
- 网络出版日期: 2019-09-19
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-15

Graphene/functional polymer composites

ZHOU Lang,
WANG Tao^,

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China

摘要

摘要: 常规的聚合物与石墨烯组成复合材料时，聚合物的引入经常会损害石墨烯的一些性能，如降低石墨烯材料本征的高导电性、导热能力、高比表面积等，因此石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的应用也受到颇多限制。如果基于不同的应用，通过设计或选用具有特定性能的功能聚合物，可以有针对性地增强石墨烯某些特定的性质，提高石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的应用性能，减弱甚至消除复合材料应用的限制性。本文基于上述这一功能聚合物定义范畴，以石墨烯/聚合物复合材料中石墨烯的维度进行分类，包括三维网络结构石墨烯、二维薄膜结构石墨烯、一维纤维结构石墨烯，介绍并讨论石墨烯/功能聚合物复合材料的制备方法和当前的应用进展，并分析存在的问题及发展前景。
- 石墨烯 /
- 功能聚合物 /
- 复合材料 /
- 性能增强
Abstract: When common polymers and graphene are incorporated into one composite, some parts of properties of graphene materials are often degraded, such as high electrical and thermal conductivities, or high specific surface area, etc, which leads to much application restriction of graphene/polymer composites. If some specific applications are targeted, through designing or choosing corresponding functional polymers, the needed properties of graphene/polymer composites can be specifically enhanced and the performance can be improved, so that the application restriction of graphene/polymer composites will be weakened or eliminated. In this review, based on the definition of functional polymers above, the recent advancements on the preparation and applications of graphene/functional polymer composites are summarized according to dimensions of graphene material parts. The remained challenges in this field are also discussed.
- graphene /
- functional polymer /
- composites /
- property enhancement

HTML全文

图 1 碎裂石墨烯泡沫/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)应变传感器制备示意图((a)、(b))及其感应脉搏时相对电阻变化(c)^[30]

Figure 1. Schematic of fabrication of fractured graphene foam/polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) strain sensors ((a),(b)) and relative resistance change of the sensor in response to pulse of radial artery from wrist (c)^[30]

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图 2 智能表面石墨烯泡沫润湿性调节原理(a)、吸附不同油和有机溶剂示意图(b)以及在pH=7.0与pH=3.0之间吸附氯仿能力的循环性(c)^[46]

Figure 2. Schematic of switchable wettability of as-fabricated smart surface graphene foam (a) and its adsorption capacity for oil and organic solvents (b) and recyclability of adsorption capacity for chloroform in water between pH of 7.0 and 3.0 (c)^[46]

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图 3 不同凝胶(聚苯胺水凝胶(PANI hydrogel)、石墨烯/聚苯胺水凝胶(GPH7)、氮掺杂石墨烯/聚苯胺水凝胶(GMPH7)) 制备示意图(a)、GMPH7可能的化学结构(b)及其在不同电流密度下面电容性能及其耐弯折性能((c)、(d))^[52]

Figure 3. Schematic of preparing different hydrogels (polyaniline(PANI) hydrogel, graphene/PANI hydrogel (GPH7), N-doped graphene/PANI hydrogel (GMPH7)) (a) and possible structure of GMPH7 (b), areal specific capacitance of supercapacitors against various current densities and capacitance retention of supercapacitors after mechanical bending cycles ((c),(d))^[52]

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图 4 对比三种不同干燥方法制备的石墨烯/聚甲基丙烯酰胺(G/PAAM)气凝胶(冷冻干燥(G/PAAM-f)、真空干燥(G/PAAM-v)、空气干燥(G/PAAM-a)) (a)及G/PAAM-a热(b)和电(c)驱动的形状记忆性能^[54]

Figure 4. Comparison of the appearances of graphene/polymethacrylamide(G/PAAM) composites aerogels by three different drying processes (freeze drying(G/PAAM-f), vacuum drying(G/PAAM-v), air drying(G/PAAM-a)) (a) and thermally (b) and electrically (c) activated shape-memory behaviors of G/PAAM-a^[54]

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图 5 气相聚合法制备石墨烯/聚二氧噻吩(graphene/PEDOT)复合薄膜示意图(a)及其AFM表征的平面模量(b)和石墨烯/聚二氧噻吩-甲苯磺酸盐(graphene/PEDOT-Tos)复合薄膜电极与Pt电极及PEDOT-Tos薄膜电极在不同pH下用于氧化还原反应的稳态输出电流对比(c)^[62]

Figure 5. Schematic of creating graphene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (graphene/PEDOT) composite thin film in vapor phase polymerization (a), in-plane modulus of thin films by AFM experiments (b) and comparison of measured steady state conversion current densities of graphene/PEDOT-tosylate(Tos) composite thin film electrodes, Pt electrodes and PEDOT-Tos thin film electrodes in oxygen reduction reaction at different pH values(c)^[62]

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图 6 基于石墨烯/共聚酯复合膜的可拉伸热致电器件结构示意图(a)及在不同温差下得到的热电流(b)^[75]

Figure 6. Schematic diagram showing the structure of stretchable thermoelectric device based on graphene/ecoflex composite film (a) and output currents of thermoelectric film measured under various thermal gradients (b)^[75]

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图 7 可拉伸和断裂自修复纤维超级电容器(a)及其分别在拉伸和自修复后的电容性能((b)、(c))^[95]

Figure 7. Schematic illustration of manufacturing process of stretchable and wound self-healable supercapacitor (a) and evolutions of specific capacitance of supercapacitor before and after stretching and self-healing ((b),(c))^[95]

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图 8 石墨烯/聚多巴胺（PDA）复合纤维的制备示意图(a)、氮含量XPS分析(插图是PDA热解后可能的化学结构)(b)及不同纤维的应力-应变曲线(c)^[96]

Figure 8. Schematic illustration of fabrication process for graphene/polydopamine(PDA) composite fibers (a), nitrogen contents from XPS analyses and calculated electrical conductivities of different fibers (inset is the suggested chemical structure conversion of PDA during pyrolysis) (b) and stress-strain curves for different fibers (c)^[96]

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