Abstract: Advanced polymer matrix composites have become one of the most important structural materials in aeronautics and astronautics. The developments of reinforced fiber, resin matrix, manufacturing technology, structural function integration technology, test and application of advanced polymer matrix composites at home and abroad were introduced. The development trend, facing opportunities and challenges of advanced polymer matrix composites are discussed. The main development opportunities and challenges of the advanced polymer matrix composites are:the polymer matrix composites continue to develop towards high-performance. Structural function integration polymer matrix composites present a trend of multi-function and sophistication. The composite design technology based on multi-scale modeling and characterization is facing an extremely important development opportunity. Multi-function becomes the important development objective of carbon nanocomposite in the future. Environmentally friendly gives the birth of green composite, thermoplastic composites and high efficient recycling technology. Smart composite technology supports reliable application of the larger and more integrated overall structure of the composite. Composite is facing a profound change in research way in the "Internet" age.