Abstract: Polymer-Layered Silicate(PLS) nanocomposite is a new kind of composite material,which has superior properties,and is in the frontier of material science. In this paper,the authors firstly review the structure and the modification of layered silicate,in which the kind of intercalation agent and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) are key influence factors of preparing PLS nanocomposites,and then focus on the preparation process of PLS nanocomposites,microstructure and its characters, while the main preparation process is intercalation complex including intercalation polymerization and polymer intercalation. Finally,according to the development,properties and application of PLS nanocomposites,the authors give some development and research progress of PLS nanocomposites.