Abstract: The nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) was prepared by coprecipitation method, and the surface was modified by grafting silane coupling agent KH560. Then, the HA/polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composites with 10wt% as-synthesized or surface-modified HA were prepared by hot-press moulding procedure. The effects of different HA on the structure, dynamic mechanical and tribological properties of the composites were investigated. The HA/PEEK composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, tensile test, DMA and friction test. The results show that silane coupling agent KH560 is grafted onto the surface of HA, and the crystal structure of as-synthesized and surface-unmodified HA shows no distinct change. In addition, the addition of different HA into PEEK matrix has almost no influence on the crystal structure of PEEK. Besides, the modified HA is homogeneously dispersed in PEEK matrix. Compared with pure PEEK, the PEEK with the addition of 10wt% surface-modified HA is improved in the storage modulus and glass transition temperature by about 55.56% and 3.6℃, respectively, and reduced in the scratching depth by about 31.1%. Therefore, the thermodynamic and tribological properties of the composites are greatly improved. The tensile strength of surface-modified HA/PEEK composites is 68.33 MPa, which can match well with the strength requirement of human bones.