Abstract: In order to enhance the rheological properties of the basalt fiber(BF)/asphalt, BF was eroded by 1.0 mol/L and 2.5 mol/L NaOH solution. The micro topography of the BF surface was observed and analyzed by ESEM and FTIR test. The results show that the original BF is smooth, The BF erod by the NaOH shows a clear phenomenon of the NaOH products coating the BF, and with the increase of NaOH solution concentration and erosion time, the content of hydroxyl (-OH) of the BF is higher; The BF/asphalt of drawing fracture morphology and rheological properties were studied by ESEM、dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) test. The results show that the higher the degree of erosion of the BF by NaOH solution, the better the bond behavior of the asphalt with the BF and the rheological properties of the BF/asphalt, and the best erosion time and concentration of NaOH solution for BF erosion are 45 min and 2.5 mol/L, respectively.