Abstract: A novel circular multi-cell composite filling structure with honeycomb and foam materials was proposed. Based on the methods of experiment validation and numerical simulation, the crashworthiness of honeycomb and foam materials in full filling, partly filling and interaction filling structures were investigated. The results show that the partial filling structures have better crashworthiness performance than the full filling structures for multi-cell circular tubes with single filling material, in which the annular honeycomb filling structure (H40) and the center foam filling structure (F01) have more excellent crashworthiness performance. The center foam filling and annular honeycomb filling compound structure (F01H40) has the best crashworthiness performance for the composite filling tube with double filling materials. Lastly, the Kriging approximation technique and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm were employed to explore the optimal crashworthiness performance and match the optimal parameters. The results show that partial filling the annular honeycomb partially filling structure (H40) and the center foam filling and annular honeycomb compound full filling structure (F01H40) yield the optimal crashworthiness performance.