Preparation and application of multi-responsive MXene-based actuator

In recent years, flexible smart actuators have attracted significant attention in the fields of bionic robotics, wearable electronics, and intelligent microsystems due to their ability to generate controlled deformation in response to external stimuli. However, most actuators are limited to single-stimulus responsiveness, making them unsuitable for complex and dynamic environments. To address this limitation, this work proposed and fabricated a novel multi-responsive flexible actuator. The actuator is constructed by blending Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets with graphene oxide (GO) to form a functional composite layer, which is then combined with polypropylene (BOPP) tape to create a bilayer structure. The mechanical and interfacial interactions between the materials enable the actuator to exhibit pronounced and reversible deformation under humidity, light, and electricity stimuli. Experimental results demonstrate that the actuator possesses excellent response sensitivity, mechanical strength, and cyclic stability under all three types of stimulation, enabling reliable and efficient actuation. This work not only broadens the application scope of MXene-based smart actuators but also offers a promising strategy for developing multifunctional actuation systems.