Preparation and properties of polycaprolactone-gelatin-bioglass-based asymmetrically infiltrated sandwich-structured composite membranes

Effective wound dressings must possess hemostatic functions and the ability to absorb excess exudate, maintaining a relatively moist but not overly dry environment for optimal healing. In this study, an asymmetric wettability Janus composite membrane with a sandwich structure was designed using electrospinning technology. The outer layer consists of a polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous membrane, the inner layer is a composite nanofibrous membrane (PCL/Gel) containing a blend of gelatin (Gel) and PCL, while the intermediate layer is a composite nanofibrous membrane (PCL/Gel-BG) loaded with inorganic bioglass (BG). The morphology, structure, mechanics, swelling rate, hemostatic properties and other relevant properties of the Janus composite membranes were systematically studied and analyzed. The results show that the mechanical properties and porosity of the Janus composite membrane meet the requirements for medical dressings. Moreover, it displays a remarkable swelling rate of up to 990%, enabling efficient absorption of exudate. Additionally, its outer layer demonstrates excellent resistance to water and blood penetration, effectively preventing excessive wound dehydration. Furthermore, in vitro tests evaluating blood absorption rate, coagulation index, and clotting time reveal superior hemostatic ability compared to traditional medical gauze. Consequently, the Janus composite membrane holds great potential as an innovative wound dressing in the field of wound healing.