g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/BiOCl composite photocatalyst used as 2D/2D heterojunction for photocatalytic degradation of dyes

WU Jianbo; SHI Liang; ZHENG Xiaoqiang; ZHANG Mingjian; CHEN Lijuan

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220225.006

Volume 40 Issue 1

Jan. 2023

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica > 2023 > 40(1): 323-333

WU Jianbo, SHI Liang, ZHENG Xiaoqiang, et al. g-C3N4/BiOCl composite photocatalyst used as 2D/2D heterojunction for photocatalytic degradation of dyes[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(1): 323-333. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220225.006

Citation:

WU Jianbo, SHI Liang, ZHENG Xiaoqiang, et al. g-C₃N₄/BiOCl composite photocatalyst used as 2D/2D heterojunction for photocatalytic degradation of dyes[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(1): 323-333. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220225.006

Citation:

PDF( 6108 KB)

g-C₃N₄/BiOCl composite photocatalyst used as 2D/2D heterojunction for photocatalytic degradation of dyes

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220225.006

WU Jianbo^{1, 2},
SHI Liang^{1, 2},
ZHENG Xiaoqiang^{1, 2},
ZHANG Mingjian^{1, 2},
CHEN Lijuan^{1, 2
,
,}

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
2.
Hunan Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Xiangtan 411201, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China(21406058); Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2021JJ30237)

Received Date: 2021-12-17
Accepted Date: 2022-01-22
Rev Recd Date: 2022-01-14

Available Online: 2022-02-28

Publish Date: 2023-01-15

Abstract

Abstract

In order to expand the sunlight absorption range of BiOCl and obtain more efficient photocatalyst, Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄)/BiOCl (2D/2D) composite photocatalyst was prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized in detail. The results of structural and morphology characterization show that BiOCl nanosheets are deposited on the layered g-C₃N₄ surface to form 2D/2D face-face composite structure. The analysis of photoelectric chemical properties shows that the formation of heterostructure can effectively expand the frequency range of light absorption and promote the separation and migration of photocarriers, which is conducive to the improvement of photocatalytic performance. The results of photocatalytic degradation of RhB by xenon lamp (500 W) show that the photocatalytic degradation activity of g-C₃N₄/BiOCl heterojunction is much higher than that of g-C₃N₄ and BiOCl alone. Among them, 9wt%g-C₃N₄/BiOCl shows the most superior photocatalytic activity, and the degradation rate of RhB is 94% within 180 min, and the apparent rate constant K_app value of 9wt%g-C₃N₄/BiOCl is 5.7 and 3.6 times that of g-C₃N₄ and BiOCl. At the same time, the photocatalytic mechanism of g-C₃N₄/BiOCl heterojunction was studied, and the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of RhB under dye sensitization was proposed by combining the electronic structure of the composite catalyst and free radical capture experiment.
- heterojunction,
- bismuth chloride oxide,
- graphite phase carbon nitride,
- photocatalytic,
- rhodamine B
Long Abstrsct
Innovation Points

FullText(HTML)

References(48)

References

[1]	LI M L, ZHANG L X, WU M Y, et al. Mesostructured CeO₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites: Remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO₂ reduction by mutual component activations[J]. Nano Energy,2016,19:145-155. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.11.010
[2]	CHEN C S, MEI W, WANG C, et al. Synthesis of a flower-like SnO/ZnO nanostructure with high catalytic activity and stability under natural sunlight[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2020,826:154122. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154122
[3]	CHEN L J, SHI L, WU J B, et al. N-SrTiO₃ nanoparticle/BiOBr nanosheet as 0D/2D heterojunctions for enhanced visible light photocatalytic dye degradation[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: B,2020,261:114667. doi: 10.1016/j.mseb.2020.114667
[4]	MENG X C, ZHANG Z S. Bismuth-based photocatalytic semiconductors: Introduction, challenges and possible approaches[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical,2016,423:533-549. doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.07.030
[5]	WANG Q Z, HUI J, HUANG T J, et al. The preparation of BiOCl photocatalyst and its performance of photodegradation on dyes[J]. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing,2014,17:87-93. doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2013.08.018
[6]	ZHANG X, WANG X B, WANG L W, et al. Synthesis of a highly efficient BiOCl single-crystal nanodisk photocatalyst with exposing {001} facets[J]. Applied Materials and Interfaces,2014,6(10):7766-7772. doi: 10.1021/am5010392
[7]	CHEN H B, YU X, ZHU Y, et al. Controlled synthesis of {001} facets-dominated dye-sensitized BiOCl with high photocatalytic efficiency under visible-light irradiation[J]. Journal of Nanoparticl Research,2016,18:225. doi: 10.1007/s11051-016-3529-4
[8]	CHEN F, LIU H Q, BAGWASI S, et al. Photocatalytic study of BiOCl for degradation of organic pollutants under UV irradiation[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry,2010,215(1):76-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.07.026
[9]	LI B X, SHAO L Z, WANG R S, et al. Interfacial synergism of Pd-decorated BiOCl ultrathin nanosheets for selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2018,6(15):6344-6355. doi: 10.1039/C8TA00449H
[10]	YU C L, HE H B, LIU X Q, et al. Novel SiO₂ nanoparticle-decorated BiOCl nanosheets exhibiting high photocatalytic performances for the removal of organic pollutants[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis,2019,40(8):1212-1221. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63359-0
[11]	PAN J B, LIU J J, ZUO S L, et al. Synthesis of cuboid BiOCl nanosheets coupled with CdS quantum dots by region-selective deposition process with enhanced photocatalytic activity[J]. Materials Research Bulletin,2018,103:216-224. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.03.043
[12]	PAN J B, LIU J J, ZUO S L, et al. Structure of Z-scheme CdS/CQDs/BiOCl heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity for environmental pollutant elimination[J]. Applied Surface Science,2018,444:177-186. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.189
[13]	WANG Q, LI P J, ZHANG Z, et al. Kinetics and mechanism insights into the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride and ofloxacin mixed antibiotics with the flower-like BiOCl/TiO₂ heterojunction[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry,2019,378:114-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.04.028
[14]	ZHAO S, ZHANG Y W, ZHOU Y M, et al. Reactable polyelectrolyte-assisted synthesis of BiOCl with enhanced photocatalytic activity[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering,2017,5(2):1416-1424. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01987
[15]	HU J L, FAN W J, UE W Q, et al. Insights into the photosensitivity activity of BiOCl under visible light irradiation[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental,2014,158-159:182-189. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.04.019
[16]	ONG W J. 2D/2D graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) heterojunction nanocomposites for photocatalysis: Why does face-to-face interface matter[J]. Frontiers in Materials,2017,4:11. doi: 10.3389/fmats.2017.00011
[17]	TIAN N, ZHANG Y H, LI X W, et al. Precursor-reforming protocol to 3D mesoporous g-C₃N₄ established by ultrathin self-doped nanosheets for superior hydrogen evolution[J]. Nano Energy,2017,38:72-81. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.05.038
[18]	ZHANG Y, LIN L H, WANG B, et al. Graphitic carbon nitride polymers toward sustainable photoredox catalysis[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2015,54(44):12868-12884. doi: 10.1002/anie.201501788
[19]	LI J Y, CUI W, SUN Y J, et al. Directional electrons delivery via vertical channel between g-C₃N₄ layers promoting the photocatalysis efficiency[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,5(19):9358-9364. doi: 10.1039/C7TA02183F
[20]	CHEN Y, WANG X C. Template-free synthesis of hollow g-C₃N₄ polymer with vesicle structure for enhanced photocatalytic water splitting[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry,2018,122(7):3786-3793. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b12496
[21]	LIANG D, HUANG Y L, WU F, et al. In situ synthesis of g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ with {001} and {101} facets coexposed for water remediation[J]. Applied Surface Science,2019,487:322-334. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.05.088
[22]	ZHU X, WANG Y T, GUO Y, et al. Environmental-friendly synthesis of heterojunction photocatalysts g-C₃N₄/BiPO₄ with enhanced photocatalytic performance[J]. Applied Surface Science,2021,544:148872. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148872
[23]	ZHAN S, ZHOU F, HUANG N B, et al. g-C₃N₄/ZnWO₄ films: Preparation and its enhanced photocatalytic decomposition of phenol in UV[J]. Applied Surface Science,2015,358:328-335. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.07.180
[24]	ZHANG L, NIU C G, ZHAO X F, et al. Ultrathin BiOCl single-crystalline nanosheets with large reactive facets area and high electron mobility efficiency: A superior candidate for high-performance dye self-photosensitization photocatalytic fuel cell[J]. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces,2018,10(46):39723-39734. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b14227
[25]	ZOU Y J, SHI J W, MA D D, et al. In situ synthesis of C-doped TiO₂@g-C₃N₄ core-shell hollow nanospheres with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for H₂ evolution[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,322:435-444. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.04.056
[26]	HUANG Z F, SONG J J, PAN L, et al. Carbon nitride with simultaneous porous network and O-doping for efficient solar-energy-driven hydrogen evolution[J]. Nano Energy,2015,12:646-656. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.01.043
[27]	SHE X J, WU J J, ZHONG J, et al. Oxygenated monolayer carbon nitride for excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and external quantum efficiency[J]. Nano Energy,2016,27:138-146. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.06.042
[28]	MA D M, ZHONG J B, LI J Z, rt al. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of BiOCl by C₇₀ modification and mechanism insight[J]. Applied Surface Science,2018,443:497-505. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.03.018
[29]	HU T P, YANG Y, DAI K, et al. A novel Z-scheme Bi₂MoO₆/BiOBr photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation[J]. Applied Surface Science,2018,456:473-481. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.06.186
[30]	CHANG F, WU F Y, YAN W J, et al. Oxygen-rich bismuth oxychloride Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ materials: Construction, characterization, and sonocatalytic degradation performance[J]. Ultrason Sonochem,2019,50:105-113. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.005
[31]	LIU C, ZHOU J L, SU J Z, et al. Turning the unwanted surface bismuth enrichment to favourable BiVO₄/BiOCl heterojunction for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental,2019,241:506-513. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.060
[32]	GAO J C, GAO Y, SUI Z Y, et al. Hydrothermal synthesis of BiOBr/FeWO₄ composite photocatalysts and their photocatalytic degradation of doxycycline[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,732:43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.10.092
[33]	ZHU M Y, LIU Q, CHEN W, et al. Boosting the visible-light photoactivity of BiOCl/BiVO₄/N-GQD ternary heterojunctions based on internal Z-scheme charge transfer of N-GQDs: Simultaneous band gap narrowing and carrier lifetime prolonging[J]. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces,2017,9(44):38832-38841. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b14412
[34]	ZHANG G G, HUANG C J, WANG X C. Dispersing molecular cobalt in graphitic carbon nitride frameworks for photocatalytic water oxidation[J]. Small,2015,11(9-10):1215-1221. doi: 10.1002/smll.201402636
[35]	JIN X Y, GUAN Q M, TIAN T, et al. In₂O₃/boron doped g-C₃N₄ heterojunction catalysts with remarkably enhanced visible-light photocatalytic efficiencies[J]. Applied Surface Science,2020,504:144241. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144241
[36]	TAO R, LI X H, LI X W, et al. TiO₂/SrTiO₃/g-C₃N₄ ternary heterojunction nanofibers: Gradient energy band, cascade charge transfer, enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and nitrogen fixation[J]. Nanoscale,2020,12(15):8320-8329. doi: 10.1039/D0NR00219D
[37]	GAO X Y, PENG W, TANG G B, et al. Highly efficient and visible-light-driven BiOCl for photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,757:455-465. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.05.081
[38]	XIAO Y, PENG Z Y, ZHANG S, et al. Z-scheme CdIn₂S₄/BiOCl nanosheet face-to-face heterostructure: In-situ synthesis and enhanced interfacial charge transfer for high-efficient photocatalytic performance[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2019,54:9573-9590. doi: 10.1007/s10853-019-03401-2
[39]	GUO L A, YOU Y, HUANG H W, et al. Z-scheme g-C₃N₄/Bi₂O₂[BO₂(OH)] heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic CO₂ reduction[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2020,568:139-147. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.025
[40]	DENG C H, HU H M, YU H, et al. Facile microwave-assisted fabrication of CdS/BiOCl nanostructures with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2021,56:2994-3010. doi: 10.1007/s10853-020-05427-3
[41]	GUO S E, DENG Z P, LI M X, et al. Phosphorus-doped carbon nitride tubes with a layered micronanostructure for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J]. Angewandte Chemie,2016,128(5):1862-1866. doi: 10.1002/ange.201508505
[42]	RAN J R, MA T Y, GAO G P, et al. Porous P-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for synergistically enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H₂ production[J]. Energy and Environmental Science,2015,8(12):3708-3717. doi: 10.1039/C5EE02650D
[43]	PENG B Y, ZHANG S S, YANG S Y, et al. Synthesis and characterization of g-C₃N₄/Cu₂O composite catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation[J]. Materials Research Bulletin,2014,56:19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.04.042
[44]	BING X M, JIAN X Y, CHU J H, et al. Hierarchically porous BiOBr/ZnAl_1.8Fe_0.2O₄ and its excellent adsorption and photocatalysis activity[J]. Materials Research Bulletin,2019,110:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.10.006
[45]	ZHENG J H, ZHANG L. Incorporation of CoO nanoparticles in 3D marigoldflower-like hierarchical architecture MnCo₂O₄ for highly boosting solar light photo-oxidation and reduction ability[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental,2018,237:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.05.060
[46]	WANG J L, YU Y, ZHANG L Z. Highly efficient photocatalytic removal of sodium pentachlorophenate with Bi₃O₄Br under visible light[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental,2013,136-137:112-121. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.02.009
[47]	CHEN C C, MA W H, ZHAO J C. Semiconductor-mediated photodegradation of pollutans under visible-light irradiation[J]. Chemical Society Reviews,2010,39(11):4206-4219. doi: 10.1039/b921692h
[48]	FUJISHIMA A, ZHANG X T. Titanium dioxide photocatalysis: Present situation and future approaches[J]. Comptes Rendus Chimie,2006,9(5-6):750-760. doi: 10.1016/j.crci.2005.02.055