静电纺丝技术制备复合纳米纤维电磁屏蔽及吸波材料的研究进展

王喜花; 刘涛; 黄丽; 袁野

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220612.001

静电纺丝技术制备复合纳米纤维电磁屏蔽及吸波材料的研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220612.001

王喜花^1,,
刘涛¹,
黄丽¹,
袁野^{1, 2, ,}

1.
河北工业大学　材料科学与工程学院，天津 300401
2.
北京航空航天大学　材料科学与工程学院，北京 100191

详细信息

通讯作者:
袁野，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为碳基吸波材料基础研究　E-mail：yuanyewins@hebut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB34
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-27
- 修回日期: 2022-05-15
- 录用日期: 2022-05-31
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-13
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-15

Research progress for preparation of composite nanofiber electromagnetic shielding and absorbing materials by electrostatic spinning technology

WANG Xihua^1
,,
LIU Tao¹,
HUANG Li¹,
YUAN Ye^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China

摘要

摘要: 随着信息时代的到来，电磁波的泄漏给人类健康带来了严重的危害，因此，高性能电磁防护材料的设计迫在眉睫。静电纺丝技术制备的复合纳米纤维具有质量轻、成本低、比表面积大、易加工和物理化学性能稳定等优点，是近年来高性能电磁屏蔽及吸波材料研究的热点。本文首先介绍了电磁屏蔽及吸波的基本原理，并结合国内外研究现状，将市场上应用广泛的电磁屏蔽及吸波材料系统的分成了金属及金属氧化物、碳材料、导电聚合物和过渡金属碳化物4类，并进行了详细了介绍。同时，综述了各种填料对电磁屏蔽及吸波性能的影响及目前正面临的问题。
- 静电纺丝 /
- 纳米纤维 /
- 电磁波 /
- 电磁屏蔽 /
- 吸波材料
Abstract: With the advent of the information age, the leakage of electromagnetic waves has brought serious harm to human health, therefore, the design of high-performance electromagnetic protection materials is imminent. The composite nanofibers prepared by electrostatic spinning technology have the advantages of lightweight, low cost, large specific surface area, easy processing, and stable physicochemical properties, which are the hot spots for the research of high-performance electromagnetic shielding and absorbing materials in recent years. This article firstly introduces the basic principles of electromagnetic shielding and absorbing, and combines the current situation of domestic and foreign research, and systematically classifies the widely used electromagnetic shielding and absorbing materials in the market into four categories: Metals and metal oxides, carbon materials, conductive polymers, and transition metal carbides. Meanwhile, the influence of filler on electromagnetic shielding and absorbing performance and the current problems being faced are overviewed.
- electrostatic spinning /
- nanofibers /
- electromagnetic waves /
- electromagnetic shielding /
- absorbing materials

HTML全文

图 1 (a) 碱刻蚀的聚丙烯腈(APAN)-Ag-硬脂酸(SA)-T复合材料的制备过程；(b) APAN-Ag-SA-2.0的电导率测试；((c), (d)) APAN-Ag-SA-2.0膜的耐腐蚀性测量；(e) APAN-Ag-SA-T在不同波段的总屏蔽效能($ {S}_{{\rm{T}}} $)^[31]

Figure 1. (a) Preparation process of alkali etched polyacrylonitrile (APAN)-Ag-stearic acid (SA)-T composite; (b) Conductivity test of APAN-Ag-SA-2.0; ((c), (d)) Measurement of corrosion resistance of APAN-Ag-SA-2.0 film; (e) Total shielding efficiency ($ {S}_{{\rm{T}}} $) of APAN-Ag-SA-T in different wavelength bands^[31]

T in APAN-Ag-SA-T—Deposition time; EMI SE—Electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency; S_R—Reflection loss; S_A—Absorption loss; S_T—Total shielding effectiveness; X, K, Ku—Different frequency range

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图 2 (a) 多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)/纳米纤维(NF)复合膜(BP/NF)的制备过程；(b) BP/NF的横向截面图；(c) 弯曲的BP/NF复合材料；(d) 不同热轧温度下BP/NF的$ {S}_{{\rm{T}}} $^[39]

Figure 2. (a) Preparation process of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/nanofiber (NF) composite film (BP/NF); (b) Cross section of the BP/NF; (c) Bent BP/NF composite membrane; (d) $ {S}_{{\rm{T}}} $ of BP/NF at different thermal-rolling temperature^[39]

x in BP/NF-x—Thermal-rolling temperature

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图 3 (a) 多孔纳米纤维(Co/CPNFs)制备过程；((b), (c)) Co/CPNFs的形貌SEM图像；(d) 不同厚度下Co/CPNFs的反射损耗R_L^[53]

Figure 3. (a) Preparation process of porous nanofibers (Co/CPNFs); ((b), (c)) SEM images of Co/CPNFs; (d) Reflection loss R_L of Co/CPNFs at different thicknesses^[53]

DMF—Dimethyl formamide

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图 4 聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)-聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜的制备流程(a) 和反应原理 (b)^[64]

Figure 4. Preparation process (a) and reaction principle (b) of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxthiophene)(PEDOT)-polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film^[64]

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表 1 屏蔽材料及其屏蔽性能对比

Table 1. Shielding materials and their shielding performance comparison

Composites	$ {S}_{{\rm{T}}} $/dB	Electrical conductivity/S·cm⁻¹	Ref.
P–W₁₈O₄₉–Ag	100	30400	[30]
APAN-Ag-SA	90	57319	[31]
BP/NF	23.3	6.177	[39]
GCF	57	172	[40]
TiO₂/SiO₂@PPy@rGO	42	—	[63]
PVDF-PEDOT	40	—	[64]
TaC/C-Fe₃C-Fe	46.4	15.4	[69]
PNP@MXene@PDMS	28.2	71.91	[70]
MXene/PVDF-HFP	21	0.0095	[73]
Notes: P—PAN; APAN—alkali etched PAN; GCF—Graphene-carbon nanofibers; PPy—Polypyrrole; PNP—PAN@Ni@dopamine; HFP—Hexafluoropropylene.

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表 2 吸波材料及其吸波性能对比

Table 2. Absorbing materials and their absorbing performance comparison

Composites	$ {R}_{{\rm{L}}} $/dB	Effective absorption bandwidth/GHz	Ref.
NMC	−53.23	6.5	[32]
Co_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/C	−43.45	5.85	[34]
Ni/NiO/CNFs	−47.9	3.5	[35]
Co/CPNF	−63.69	12.92	[53]
SiC/Fe₃Si/CNF	−41.6	11.5	[43]
C-SiC	−53.7	7.11	[44]
Fe₃C/CNF	−24	5.28	[47]
Nb₄N₅	−49.5	2.2	[48]
Ni/NiO/SiO₂/CNFs	−40.1	5.2	[50]
Ni@C	−53.2	5.6	[51]
Fe₃C/N-doped CNF	−57.9	—	[52]
LCNF	−41.4	9.05	[54]
ZnFe₂O₃/C@PPy	−66.34	5.74	[29]
CPF	−49.24	6.9	[66]
Notes: NMC—Ni/MnO/C; LCNF—Light-weight lignin-based carbon nanofibers; CPF—Cellulose/polyaniline nanofiber.

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