Preparation and EMI Shielding Properties of Lightweight and Mechanically Strong MXene/Bacterial Cellulose Composite Aerogels
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摘要:
近年来，电磁屏蔽材料逐渐朝着轻质、高性能和环境友好等方向发展。高分子基导电复合材料(CPCs)具有易成型加工和电磁屏蔽性能稳定等优点，但存在导电填料用量高和电磁屏蔽效能(EMI SE)低等缺点。将多孔结构引入CPCs中制备气凝胶不仅能够大幅降低材料密度，而且可以引入更多导电界面，从而增强电磁波吸收并提升电磁屏蔽效能，同时实现轻量化和高电磁屏蔽性能。然而，以合成高分子为基体的聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料生物相容性较差且难以降解，易造成资源浪费且不符合绿色可持续发展的理念。细菌纤维素(BC)是一种由微生物发酵生成的一维纤维素生物质材料，具有高比表面积、优异的力学性能、良好的生物相容性和可降解等优点，已成为目前的研究热点。本文以生物质细菌纤维素(BC)为基体，导电Ti3C2Tx MXene为功能填料，通过液氮定向冷冻-冷冻干法制备轻质高强定向多孔结构MXene/BC复合气凝胶。深入研究了Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数对复合气凝胶微观结构、导电性能、力学性能和电磁屏蔽性能的影响规律。结果表明，当Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数为40wt%时，复合气凝胶的密度仅为18.3 mg/cm3，电导率和X波段EMI SE均达到最大，分别为459.3 S/cm和72 dB(厚度为4 mm)。由于BC和Ti3C2Tx MXene之间存在丰富的氢键相互作用，复合气凝胶在30%应变下压缩强度达到38.3 kPa，较纯BC气凝胶提升了116.1%。 轻质高强且高电磁屏蔽效能MXene/BC复合气凝胶 -
关键词:
- 电磁屏蔽 /
- 复合气凝胶 /
- 定向多孔结构 /
- 细菌纤维素 /
- Ti3C2Tx MXene
Abstract: With the rapid development of highly-integrated and highly-powered 5G communication and wearable electronic devices, the electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic pollution problems caused by electromagnetic waves are becoming increasingly serious. It is urgent to develop lightweight, mechanically strong and environmentally friendly electromagnetic shielding composites. Herein, the lightweight and mechanically strong MXene/bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogels with directional porous structures are prepared via the liquid nitrogen directional freezing followed by freeze drying method using biomass BC as matrix and conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene as functional fillers. The effects of Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fraction on the microstructures, conductive and mechanical properties, as well as EMI shielding properties of the composite aerogels are investigated in detail. The results show that the composite aerogels with a Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fraction of 40wt% exhibit a low mass density of 18.3 mg/cm3, as well as the highest electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 459.3 S/cm and 72 dB (at a thickness of 4 mm) in X band with an absorption dominated EMI shielding mechanism. Owing to the abundant hydrogen bonding interactions, the composite aerogels exhibit a high compression strength of 38.3 kPa, which is 116.1% higher than that of pure BC aerogels.-
Key words:
- EMI shielding /
- Composite aerogels /
- Directional porous structures /
- Bacterial cellulose /
- Ti3C2Tx MXene
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图 1 定向多孔结构MXene/生物质细菌纤维素（BC）复合气凝胶的制备示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram for preparation of MXene/ bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogels
图 2 Ti3AlC2 (a)和Ti3C2Tx MXene(b)的SEM照片；(c)Ti3C2Tx MXene的TEM照片；(d)Ti3C2Tx MXene的XRD谱图
Figure 2. SEM images of Ti3AlC2 (a) and Ti3C2Tx MXene (b); TEM images (c) and XRD patterns of Ti3C2Tx MXene (d)
图 3 定向多孔结构 MXene/BC 复合气凝胶的数码照片（a-e）和相应的 SEM 照片（a'-e'：放大倍数 100 x，a''-e''：放大倍数 1000 x）
Figure 3. Digital photos (a-e) and corresponding SEM images (a'-e': magnification 100 x; a''-e'': magnification 1000 x) ofMXene/BC composite aerogels with directional porous structures
图 4 Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数为30wt% MXene/BC复合气凝胶的顶视(a)和侧视(b)SEM照片
Figure 4. Top view (a) and side view (b) SEM images of MXene/BC composite aerogels with the Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fraction of 30%
图 5 BC、Ti3C2Tx MXene和MXene/BC复合气凝胶的XRD谱图（a）、XPS谱图（b）和FT-IR（c）谱图
Figure 5. FT-IR spectra (a), XPS spectra (b) and XRD spectra (c) of BC, Ti3C2Tx MXene and MXene/BC composite aerogels
图 6 不同Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数MXene/BC复合气凝胶的质量密度
Figure 6. Mass densities of the MXene/BC composite aerogels with different Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fractions
图 7 (a)不同 Ti3C2Tx MXene 质量分数 MXene/BC 复合气凝胶的压缩应力-应变曲线；(b)承载 500 g 砝码的 MXene/BC 复合气凝胶数码照片
Figure 7. (a) Compression stress-strain curves of MXene/BC composite aerogels with different Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fractions; (b) Digital photo of MXene/BC composite aerogels loaded with 500 g weight
图 8 (a)不同 Ti3C2Tx MXene 质量分数 MXene/BC 复合气凝胶的电导率；(b)MXene/BC 复合气凝胶集成电路点亮 LED 灯的数码照片
Figure 8. (a) Electrical conductivities of MXene/BC composite aerogels with different Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fractions; (b) Digital photo of integrated circuit MXene/BC composite aerogels loaded with 500 g weight
图 9 不同Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数MXene/BC复合气凝胶EMI SE(a)和SER、SEA、SET(b)；(c)单位厚度比屏蔽效能(SSE/t)；(d)电磁屏蔽效率；(e)试样厚度对30wt% Ti3C2Tx MXene复合气凝胶EMI SE的影响；(f)电磁屏蔽机制
Figure 9. EMI SE (a) and SER, SEA, SET (b) of MXene/BC composite aerogels with different Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fractions; (c) Specific EMI SE per unit thickness; (d) EMI shielding efficiency of the composite aerogels; (e) Effects of thickness on the EMI SE of composite aerogels with 30wt% Ti3C2Tx MXene; (f) EMI shielding mechanism of the composite aerogels
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