Preparation and EMI shielding properties of lightweight and mechanically strong MXene/bacterial cellulose composite aerogels
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摘要: 随着5G通讯和可穿戴电子设备等高集成化和高功率化的快速发展，由电磁波引起的电磁干扰和电磁污染问题日益严重，亟需研发轻质高强且环境友好的电磁屏蔽复合材料。本文以生物质细菌纤维素(BC)为基体，导电Ti3C2Tx MXene为功能填料，通过液氮定向冷冻-冷冻干法制备轻质高强定向多孔结构MXene/BC复合气凝胶。深入研究了Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数对复合气凝胶微观结构、导电性能、力学性能和电磁屏蔽性能的影响规律。结果表明：当Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数为40wt%时，复合气凝胶的密度仅为18.3 mg/cm3，电导率和X波段电磁屏蔽效能 (EMI SE)均达到最大，分别为459.3 S/cm和72 dB (厚度为4 mm)。由于BC和Ti3C2Tx MXene之间存在丰富的氢键相互作用，复合气凝胶在30%应变下压缩强度达到38.3 kPa，较纯BC气凝胶提升了116.1%。
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关键词:
- 电磁屏蔽 /
- 复合气凝胶 /
- 定向多孔结构 /
- 细菌纤维素 /
- Ti3C2Tx MXene
Abstract: With the rapid development of highly-integrated and highly-powered 5G communication and wearable electronic devices, the electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic pollution problems caused by electromagnetic waves are becoming increasingly serious. It is urgent to develop lightweight, mechanically strong and environmentally friendly electromagnetic shielding composites. Herein, the lightweight and mechanically strong MXene/bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogels with directional porous structures were prepared via the liquid nitrogen directional freezing followed by freeze drying method using biomass BC as matrix and conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene as functional fillers. The effects of Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fraction on the microstructures, conductive and mechanical properties, as well as EMI shielding properties of the composite aerogels were investigated in detail. The results show that the composite aerogels with a Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fraction of 40wt% exhibit a low mass density of 18.3 mg/cm3, as well as the highest electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 459.3 S/cm and 72 dB (at a thickness of 4 mm) in X band with an absorption dominated EMI shielding mechanism. Owing to the abundant hydrogen bonding interactions, the composite aerogels exhibit a high compression strength of 38.3 kPa, which is 116.1% higher than that of pure BC aerogels.-
Key words:
- EMI shielding /
- composite aerogels /
- directional porous structures /
- bacterial cellulose /
- Ti3C2Tx MXene
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图 1 定向多孔结构MXene/生物质细菌纤维素(BC)复合气凝胶的制备示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram for preparation of MXene/bacterial cellulose (BC) composite aerogels
图 2 Ti3AlC2 (a)和Ti3C2Tx MXene (b)的SEM图像；Ti3C2Tx MXene的TEM图像(c)和XRD图谱(d)
Figure 2. SEM images of Ti3AlC2 (a) and Ti3C2Tx MXene (b); TEM images (c) and XRD patterns (d) of Ti3C2Tx MXene
图 3 定向多孔结构 MXene/BC 复合气凝胶的数码照片((a)~(e))和相应不同放大倍数下的SEM图像((a')~(e''))
Figure 3. Digital photos ((a)~(e)) and corresponding SEM images ((a')~(e'')) of MXene/BC composite aerogels with directional porous structures
图 4 Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数为30wt%时MXene/BC复合气凝胶的顶视(a)和侧视(b) SEM图像
Figure 4. Top view (a) and side view (b) SEM images of MXene/BC composite aerogels with the Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fraction of 30wt%
图 5 BC、Ti3C2Tx MXene和MXene/BC复合气凝胶的XRD图谱(a)、XPS图谱(b)和FTIR图谱(c)
Figure 5. XRD patterns (a), XPS spectra (b) and FTIR spectra (c) of BC, Ti3C2Tx MXene and MXene/BC composite aerogels
图 6 不同Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数MXene/BC复合气凝胶的质量密度
Figure 6. Mass densities of the MXene/BC composite aerogels with different Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fractions
图 7 (a)不同Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数MXene/BC复合气凝胶的压缩应力-应变曲线；(b)承载500 g砝码的MXene/BC复合气凝胶数码照片
Figure 7. (a) Compression stress-strain curves of MXene/BC composite aerogels with different Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fractions; (b) Digital photos of MXene/BC composite aerogels loaded with 500 g
图 8 (a)不同Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数MXene/BC复合气凝胶的电导率；(b) MXene/BC 复合气凝胶集成电路点亮LED 灯的数码照片
Figure 8. (a) Electrical conductivities of MXene/BC composite aerogels with different Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fractions; (b) Digital photo of MXene/BC composite aerogel integrated circuits illuminating LED
图 9 不同Ti3C2Tx MXene质量分数MXene/BC复合气凝胶电磁屏蔽效能(EMI SE) (a)和反射损耗(SER)、吸收损耗(SEA)和总电磁屏蔽效能(SET)(b)；(c)单位厚度比屏蔽效能(SSE/t)；(d)电磁屏蔽效率；(e)试样厚度对30wt%Ti3C2Tx MXene复合气凝胶EMI SE的影响；(f)电磁屏蔽机制
Figure 9. Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) (a) and SE reflection (SER), SE absorption (SEA), SE total (SET) (b) of MXene/BC composite aerogels with different Ti3C2Tx MXene mass fractions; (c) Specific shielding effectiveness per unit thickness (SSE/t); (d) Electromagnetic shielding efficiency; (e) Effects of thickness on the EMI SE of composite aerogels with 30wt%Ti3C2Tx MXene; (f) Electromagnetic shielding mechanism
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