Preparation and properties of phase change composites based on carbonized pomelo peel
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摘要: 低品位热能如太阳辐射热能是能源利用和转化中的重要组成部分，由于总量大且往往未被有效利用而散发到环境中造成浪费和能源利用效率低等问题。基于相变材料的光热转化储热成为利用太阳辐射能的重要方式之一，因此针对相变材料聚乙二醇易泄露的问题，关注于废弃生物质柚子皮，通过简单的碳化过程将其转化为骨架支撑和光吸收双功能材料，并进一步电沉积处理增强其吸光性能。真空浸渍聚乙二醇后得到无泄漏的形状稳定复合相变材料，具有高的负载量、高相变焓保留、优异的循环稳定性，100次循环质量损失最多仅为2.2%，光热转化储热效率达87.5%。基于废弃的柚子皮制得无泄漏的相变复合材料不仅成本低廉，制备操作简单，实现了废物利用，而且为进一步高效和综合利用低品位热能提供了新的选择。Abstract: Low grade heat energy, such as solar radiation heat energy, is an important part of energy utilization and conversion. Due to the large amount and being not effectively used, it is emitted to the environment, resulting in waste and low energy efficiency. Phase change materials can absorb, store and release heat with its latent heat capacity, while their temperature fluctuation during phase changing is small. So combined the above two, the transformation of photo-thermal energy and heat storage based on phase change materials has become one of the important ways to utilize solar radiation energy. However, solid-liquid phase change materials are easy to leak. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of easy leakage of phase change materials, like polyethylene glycol, the waste biomass pomelo peel was focused, which was converted into a dual functional material of supporting skeleton and light absorption through a simple carbonization process, and further electro-deposition to enhance its light absorption performance. The shape stable phase change composites with the features of high loading capacity, high phase change enthalpy retention and excellent cycle stability were obtained by vacuum impregnation of polyethylene glycol. The maximum mass loss of 100 cycles is only 2.2%, and the heat storage efficiency of photo-thermal conversion is 87.5%. The shape stable phase change composites based on waste pomelo peel not only have low cost, simple preparation, but also realize waste utilization. The leakage free bio-based composites provide a new choice for further efficient and comprehensive utilization of low-grade heat energy.
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图 1 碳化柚子皮(CPP)、聚吡咯(PPy)/CPP和对应的复合材料的SEM图像
Figure 1. SEM images of carbonized pomelo peel (CPP)、polypyrrole (PPy)/CPP and corresponding composites
PEG—Polyethylene glycol
图 4 CPP、PPy/CPP (a)以及PEG、PEG/CPP和PEG-PPy/CPP (b) 的FTIR图谱
Figure 4. FTIR spectra of CPP, PPy/CPP (a) and PEG, PEG/CPP, PEG-PPy/CPP (b)
图 5 CPP的N2吸附/脱附曲线 (a)和孔径分布曲线 (b)
Figure 5. N2 adsorption/desorption curve (a) and pore diameter distribution curve of CPP (b)
图 6 PEG4000、PEG/CPP和PEG-PPy/CPP的DSC曲线
Figure 6. DSC curves of PEG4000, PEG/CPP and PEG-PPy/CPP
图 7 PEG4000、PEG/CPP和PEG-PPy/CPP的XRD图谱
Figure 7. XRD patterns of PEG4000, PEG/CPP and PEG-PPy/CPP
图 9 PEG/CPP和PEG-PPy/CPP的泄漏测试照片
Figure 9. Leak testing photos of PEG/CPP and PEG-PPy/CPP
图 10 PEG4000、PEG/CPP和PEG-PPy/CPP的TG曲线
Figure 10. TG curves of PEG4000 and PEG/CPP and PEG-PPy/CPP
图 11 PEG/CPP、PEG-PPy/CPP多次加热冷却循环后的质量变化
Figure 11. Mass variation of PEG/CPP, PEG-PPy/CPP after multiple heating and cooling cycles
图 12 PEG/CPP、PEG-PPy/CPP的光热转化储热过程中温度随时间变化曲线
Figure 12. Temperature variation curves with time in the process of photo-thermal conversion and heat storage of PEG/CPP and PEG-PPy/CPP
表 1 PEG4000、PEG/CPP和PEG-PPy/CPP升降温过程的相变温度及相变焓
Table 1. Phase change temperature and enthalpy of PEG4000, PEG/CPP and PEG-PPy/CPP during melting and cooling process
Sample Tm/℃ Hm/(J·g−1) Tc/℃ Hc/(J·g−1) ψ/% PEG4000 61.3 181.2 40.4 171.8 − PEG/CPP 61.5 162.4 38.9 152.6 93.9 PEG-PPy/PCC 60.5 164.5 39.1 149.6 94.8 PEG/CPP-100 60.5 158.5 39.3 145.5 91.7 PEG-PPy/PCC-100 60.0 158.1 40.6 143.5 91.1 Notes: Tm, Tc—Temperature of melting and crystallization, respectively; Hm, Hc—Enthalpy of melting and crystallization; ψ—Relative enthalpy efficiency. 
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