Interface behavior and mechanical properties of double-sided electron beam welded joint of Ti/Al laminate plates
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摘要:
Ti/Al层状复合板既具有钛合金高强度、耐高温、耐腐蚀的优势，同时也满足铝合金轻量化的特点，在航空航天、汽车制造、水下航行等领域具有重要的应用前景。在一些特殊的工况下，需涉及到层状复合板之间的连接问题，其中，焊接方法最为常用。但由于焊接过程中Ti/Al界面处容易生成大量的金属间化合物，导致其焊接接头成形性能较差，严重限制了它的实际应用。本文通过将热压态Ti/Al层状复合板进行电子束焊接，采用双面焊接的方式实现Ti/Al层状复合板的焊接成形，它可以有效的降低焊接过程中Ti-Al金属间化合物的形成，从而提高焊接接头的力学性能。由于钛合金的高熔点和较大的元素结合能，在焊接过程中的相同温度下，铝原子向钛层扩散比较容易，而钛原子向铝层几乎不扩散，这在一定程度上也减少了Ti-Al金属间化合物的生成。因此，相较于单面焊，先Al后Ti双面焊得到的焊接接头力学性能良好，抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到了304.6 MPa和10.4%。 Ti/Al层状复合板电子束焊接接头界面行为：(a)焊接设备及方案示意图；(b)焊接接头成形示意图；(c)焊接接头界面行为 -
关键词:
- Ti/Al层状复合板 /
- 电子束焊接 /
- 焊接接头 /
- 界面行为 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: Ti/Al laminated composite plates have the advantages of high strength and corrosion resistance of titanium alloy, light weight and low price of aluminum alloy, and have a wide range of potential applications in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, underwater equipment and other fields. In order to investigate the connection behavior of Ti/Al laminated composite members, vacuum electron beam welding (EBW) was used to weld Ti/Al laminated composite members, and the microstructure, interface behavior and mechanical properties of the welded joints were studied. The results showed that: Compared with single-side welding, the mechanical properties of welded Ti/Al laminated composite plates can be effectively improved by double-sided Al welding followed by Ti welding. There are no obvious defects at the interface of welded Ti/Al joints, and there are obvious intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layers at the interface of welded Ti/Al joints. The formation sequence of the compounds is TiAl3, TiAl and TiAl2. TiAl2 is the product of a series of reactions in which TiAl is used as an intermediate. Under the condition that the electron beam of Al layer remains unchanged at 43 mA, with the increase of the electron beam of Ti layer, the tensile strength and elongation of the welded joint both increase first and then decrease. The maximum tensile strength and elongation can reach 304.6 MPa and 10.4%, which is 57% of the strength of the base metal. The fracture mechanism of welded joint is mainly brittle fracture at IMCs position. -
图 1 示意图：(a)热压工艺流程；(b)电子束焊接(EBW)设备原理；(c)焊接方式
Figure 1. Schematic diagram: (a) Hot pressing process flow; (b) Principle of vacuum electron beam welding (EBW) equipment; (c) Welded types
图 2 Type A焊接接头微观形貌: (a, c) 60 mA；(b, d) 70 mA
Figure 2. Type A microstructure of welded joint: (a, c) 60 mA; (b, d) 70 mA
图 3 Type B焊接接头微观组织形貌：(a) Ti/Al界面处；(b) Ti层FZ处；(c) Al层FZ处；(d) Al层HAZ和BM处
Figure 3. Type B microstructure of welded joint: (a) Ti/Al interface; (b) Ti layer FZ; (c) Al layer FZ; (d) Al layer HAZ and BM
图 4 Type C焊接接头成形示意图：(a) 70 mA；(b) 75 mA；(c) 80 mA
Figure 4. Type C welding joint forming diagram: (a) 70 mA; (b) 75 mA; (c) 80 mA
图 5 焊接接头成形示意图：(a) Type A；(b) Type B；(c) Type C
Figure 5. Welding joint forming diagram: (a) Type A; (b) Type B; (c) Type C
图 6 焊接接头熔合区界面处EDS图谱：(a)界面处SEM形貌；(b)面扫图；(c)线扫图；(d)点扫图
Figure 6. EDS spectrum at the interface of fusion zone: (a) SEM morphology at the interface; (b) The map scanning; (c) The line scanning; (d) The point scanning
图 8 Type C焊接接头显微硬度：(a) 沿焊缝深度方向；(b)垂直焊缝方向
Figure 8. Type C microhardness of welded joint: (a) Along the depth of the weld; (b) Vertical weld direction
图 9 Type C焊接接头拉伸性能：(a) 应力-应变曲线；(b)极限抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率
Figure 9. Type C Tensile properties of welded joints: (a) Stress-strain curve; (b) UTS、YS and EL
图 10 Type C焊接接头断口形貌：(a)宏观图；(b) 断口EDS图；(c) Ti/Al界面处；(d) (c)中b放大处；(e) (c)中EDS面扫图；(f)Ti层；(g, h) Al层
Figure 10. Type C Fracture profile of welded joint: (a) Macrograph; (b) Fracture EDS; (c) Ti/Al interface; (d) (c) Put a large area in b; (e) (c) EDS scanning map; (f) Ti layer; (g, h) Al layer
表 1 TC4钛合金化学成分(wt.%)
Table 1. Chemical composition of TC4 titanium alloy(wt.%)
Ti Al V Fe O C N H Bal 6.2 4.0 0.25 0.15 0.098 0.01 0.004 
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表 2 6061铝合金化学成分(wt.%)
Table 2. Chemical composition of 6061 aluminum alloy(wt.%)
Al Mg Ti Si Zn Fe Cu Mn Cr Bal 1.05 0.1 0.62 0.18 0.41 0.2 0.12 0.17
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表 3 EBW工艺参数
Table 3. EBW process parameters
Electron
beam
current/mASingle-side welding
(Type A)Double-side welding Type B Type C Ti side 60/70/80 50/60/65 70/75/80 Al side — 40/45 43/45
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