Research progress of mixed matrix reverse osmosis membrane filled with inorganic nanomaterials
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摘要: 反渗透是一种以渗透压为推动力,从溶液中分离出溶剂的操作,以能耗低、成本低和环境友好等优势成为了脱盐领域的主流技术,主导着全球海水/苦咸水淡化市场。作为反渗透的核心,反渗透膜仍然存在着水通量、截盐率难以满足日益提升的需求和耐久性不足的问题。以无机纳米材料为基础的混合基质反渗透膜的发展为解决这一难题注入了新的活力,已有较多研究报道。本文综述了现阶段无机纳米填充混合基质反渗透膜的研究进展,重点围绕零维、一维、二维无机纳米、多维纳米复合填充混合基质反渗透膜研究现状与进展、问题与挑战展开讨论。最后,对无机纳米材料填充混合基质反渗透膜的未来研究方向进行了分析与展望。Abstract: Reverse osmosis is an operation that uses osmotic pressure as the driving force to separate solvent from solution. It has become the mainstream technology in the field of desalination due to its advantages of low energy consumption, low cost and environmental friendliness, leading the global seawater/brackish water desalination market. As the core of reverse osmosis technology, reverse osmosis membranes still have some problems of water flux, salt rejection and insufficient durability to meet the increasing demand. The development of mixed matrix reverse osmosis membranes based on inorganic nanomaterial has injected new vitality into solving this problem, and there have been many research reports. This paper reviewed the current research progress of inorganic nanohybrid matrix reverse osmosis membrane, focusing on the research status and progress, problems and challenges of zero-dimensional, one-dimensional and two-dimensional inorganic nanohybrid matrix and inorganic nanocomposite hybrid matrix reverse osmosis membranes. Finally, the future research directions of mixed matrix reverse osmosis membrane filled with inorganic nanomaterials were also analyzed and prospected.
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图 3 碳量子点(CQDs)耐氯机制示意:(a) 氯化机制;(b)耐氯:氢键增强;(c) 耐氯:牺牲官能团优先反应;(d) 耐氯:电荷排斥
Figure 3. Schematic illustration of the chlorine resistance mechanism of carbon quantum dots (CQDs): (a) Chlorination mechanism; (b) Chlorine resistance: Hydrogen bond enhancement; (c) Chlorine resistance: Sacrificial functional groups react preferentially; (d) Chlorine resistance: Charge repulsion
图 4 碳纳米管(CNTs)及其混合基质膜结构图:(a) CNTs中水分子分布正视图;(b)封闭在单场结构中的水分子侧视图;(c) CNTs的功能化;(d) CNTs填充混合基质膜;(e) CNTs混合基质膜截TEM图像[53, 57-59]
Figure 4. Structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNTs mixed matrix membranes: (a) Front view of water molecule distribution in CNTs; (b) Side view of water molecules confined in a single-filed configuration; (c) Functionalization of CNTs; (d) Mixed matrix CNTs membrane; (e) Cross-section TEM images of mixed matrix CNTs membrane[53, 57-59]
表 1 不同氧化物纳米填充混合基质聚酰胺反渗透膜性能对比
Table 1. Performance comparison of different oxide nanoparticles filled mixed matrix polyamide reverse osmosis membranes
表 2 不同维度无机纳米填充混合基质聚酰胺反渗透膜的性能对比
Table 2. Performance comparison of inorganic nanomaterials filled mixed matrix polyamide reverse osmosis membranes with different dimensions
Dimension Material Pressure/MPa Dosage/wt% Water permeability/(L·m−2·h−1·MPa−1) Improvement/% NaCl rejection/% Reference
Zero-dimensionalTiO2 1.52 0.0125 0.160 13.5 97.7 [17] Al-ZnO 1.55 0.5 0.206 23.4 98 [30] CuO 2.07 1.0 0.218 80.2 97.4 [25] SiO2 1.60 0.1 0.331 178.2 96.0 [27] CeO2 1.60 0.01 0.275 50.0 98 [29] CDs 1.55 0.02 0.572 24.1 99.0 [96] N-GOQD 1.50 0.02 0.166 80.4 93 [43]
One-dimensionalCNTs 1.55 0.001 0.284 18.3 95.4 [97] TNTs 1.50 0.05 0.245 92.9 96.53 [64] HNTs 1.50 0.05 0.241 89.8 95.6 [63]
Two-dimensionalGO 1.55 0.0038 0.107 81.4 99.4 [69] Ti3C2Tx 1.60 0.015 0.253 53.2 98.5 [77] g-C3N4 1.60 0.01 0.138 30.2 99.23 [84] MoS2 1.55 0.01 0.620 22.3 98.6 [88] BN 1.55 0.02 0.40 25.4 96.4 [94] Note: Feed solution is 2000 mg·L−1 NaCl solution. -
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