叠层结构对碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料热成形性能的影响

张铁; 郑兵; 王旭康; 陈丹; 周华民; 李德群; 黄志高

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220907.001

叠层结构对碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料热成形性能的影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220907.001

华中科技大学　材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室，武汉 430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52175318)

详细信息

通讯作者:
黄志高，博士，副教授，博士生导师，研究方向为复合材料成形工艺　E-mail: huangzhigao@hust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-13
- 修回日期: 2022-07-31
- 录用日期: 2022-08-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-15

Effect of laminated structures on thermo-formability of continuous CF/PEEK composites

State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (52175318)

摘要

摘要: 碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料(CF/PEEK)在航空航天等领域有着日益广泛的应用。本文研究了叠层结构对CF/PEEK板材的力学性能和热成形性的影响，并讨论了相关机制。在同种工艺参数下设计并制造了6种不同叠层结构的板材，其力学性能和热成形性能分别通过0°和90°下的常温拉伸试验及320℃下的杯突试验来表征。实验结果表明正交叠层结构[0/90/0/0/90/0]的拉伸强度和热成形性能最好，而加入编织层或采用非正交叠层均使热成形性能有不同程度的下降，这是由于编织层为整个叠层结构中的薄弱项，而非正交结构在不同方向的拉伸强度差异较大，容易发生纤维-基体失效。
- 碳纤维 /
- 聚醚醚酮复合材料 /
- 叠层结构 /
- 力学性能 /
- 热成形性能
Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced polyether-ether-ketone composites (CF/PEEK) are increasingly used in aerospace and other fields. In this study, the influence of laminated structures on mechanical properties and thermo-formability of CF/PEEK sheets were investigated, and the associated mechanisms were discussed. Six different laminated structures of CF/PEEK sheets were designed, and the sheets were fabricated under the same process parameters. The mechanical properties and thermo-formability were characterized by tensile tests at 0° and 90° directions and Erichsen tests at 320℃, respectively. The results show that the tensile strength and thermo-formability of orthogonal structure [0/90/0/0/90/0] is the best. However, the thermo-formability of the structure added woven laminates or non-orthogonal structure are decreased. This is because the added woven laminate is observed to be a weak part in the structure, and the non-orthogonal structure has distinct mechanical properties in 0° and 90° directions and is prone to fiber-matrix failure.
- carbon fiber /
- polyether-ether-ketone composites /
- laminated structures /
- mechanical properties /
- thermo-formability

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图 1 碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料(CF/PEEK)预浸料的不同叠层结构

Figure 1. Different laminated structures of carbon fiber reinforced polyether-ether-ketone composites (CF/PEEK) prepreg

PW—Plain weave prepreg

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图 2 CF/PEEK板材的制造：(a) 材料叠放顺序；(b) 热成形过程

Figure 2. Fabrication of CF/PEEK sheets: (a) Stacking sequence of each material; (b) Thermoforming process

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图 3 CF/PEEK板材拉伸试样

Figure 3. Schematic of CF/PEEK sheets specimens

L—Initial distance between grips; L₁—Length of narrow parallel-sided portion; L₂—Distance between broad parallel-sided portions; L₃—Overall length; h—Preferred thickness; b₁—Width at narrow portion; b₂—Width at ends; r—Radius

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图 4 Erichsen测试：(a) 试验仪器；(b) 杯突模具图；(c) 杯突模具尺寸

Figure 4. Erichsen test: (a) Experiment equipment; (b) Picture of cupping mold; (c) Size of the cupping mold

Φ—diameter; R₂—Radius

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图 5 CF/PEEK板材拉伸试验结果：(a) 0°拉伸方向应力应变曲线；(b) 90°拉伸方向应力应变曲线；(c) 0°/90°方向拉伸强度；(d) 0°/90°拉伸方向最大行程

Figure 5. Tensile tests results of CF/PEEK sheets: (a) Stress/stroke curves at 0° tensile direction; (b) Stress/stroke curves at 90° tensile direction; (c) Tensile strength at 0°/90° directions; (d) Maximum stroke at 0°/90° directions

1-1—Parallel structure with 0° tensile direction; 2-1—Orthogonal structure with 0° tensile direction; 3-1—45° structure with 0° tensile direction; 4-1—60° structure with 0° tensile direction; 5-1—Orthogonal structure replaced by woven laminate with 0° tensile direction; 6-1—Orthogonal structure added woven laminate with 0° tensile direction; 1-2—Parallel structure with 90° tensile direction; 2-2—Orthogonal structure with 90° tensile direction; 3-2—45° structure with 90° tensile direction; 4-2—60° structure with 90° tensile direction; 5-2—Orthogonal structure replaced by woven laminate with 90° tensile direction; 6-2—Orthogonal structure added woven laminate with 90° tensile direction

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图 6 CF/PEEK板材的拉伸失效试样

Figure 6. Tensile failure specimens of CF/PEEK sheets

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图 7 CF/PEEK板材拉伸试样的典型失效微观结构

Figure 7. Typical failure microstructures of tensile CF/PEEK sheets specimens

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图 8 CF/PEEK板材的Erichsen试验结果：(a) 载荷/行程曲线；(b) 杯突深度(IE值)

Figure 8. Erichsen tests results of CF/PEEK sheets: (a) Load/stroke curves; (b) Cup depth (IE value)

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图 9 CF/PEEK板材的杯突试验失效试样

Figure 9. CF/PEEK sheets failure specimens of cupping tests

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图 10 CF/PEEK板材杯突试样的失效位置：(a) 2号结构[0/90/0/0/90/0]杯突试样；(b) 5号结构[0/90/PW/90/0]杯突试样；(c) 2号结构数字显微镜(DM)图像；(d) 5号DM图像

Figure 10. Failure position of cupping samples of CF/PEEK sheets: (a) No.2 structure [0/90/0/0/90/0] cupping sample; (b) No.5 structure [0/90/PW/90/0] cupping sample; (c) Digital microscope (DM) image of No.2 sample; (d) DM image of No.5 sample

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图 11 热压成形工艺流程

Figure 11. Molding process

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图 12 CF/PEEK盒型零件：((a)~(d)) 总体图；((e)~(g)) 细节图

Figure 12. CF/PEEK box-shaped part: ((a)-(d)) Overall views; ((e)-(g)) Detailed views

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表 1 单向(UD)纤维预浸料物理性能

Table 1. Physical properties of the unidirection (UD) prepregs

Property	Value
Areal weight/gsm	218
Resin content/wt%	34
Fiber content/vol%	59
Tensile strength (0°)/MPa	2280
Tensile strength (90°)/MPa	86

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表 2 不同叠层结构CF/PEEK板材的力学性能

Table 2. Mechanical properties of CF/PEEK sheets of different laminated structures

Numbers	Laminated structures	Directions	Thickness/mm	Tensile stress /MPa	Maximum stroke/mm
1-1	[0/0/0/0/0/0]	0°	0.81	1142.26	2.23
1-2	[0/0/0/0/0/0]	90°	0.80	84.95	0.72
2-1	[0/90/0/0/90/0]	0°	0.83	910.50	1.92
2-2	[0/90/0/0/90/0]	90°	0.76	581.79	1.35
3-1	[0/45/135/135/45/0]	0°	0.85	687.43	2.02
3-2	[0/45/135/135/45/0]	90°	0.83	236.20	1.35
4-1	[0/60/120/120/60/0]	0°	0.80	720.61	1.74
4-2	[0/60/120/120/60/0]	90°	0.84	307.22	1.27
5-1	[0/90/PW/90/0]	0°	0.80	660.17	1.37
5-2	[0/90/PW/90/0]	90°	0.78	619.27	1.33
6-1	[0/90/0/PW/0/90/0]	0°	0.91	858.20	2.40
6-2	[0/90/0/PW/0/90/0]	90°	1.04	490.39	1.67

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表 3 不同叠层结构CF/PEEK板材的IE值

Table 3. IE values of CF/PEEK sheets of different laminated structures

Numbers	Laminated structures	Thickness/mm	IE value/mm
1	[0/0/0/0/0/0]	0.81	7.35
2	[0/90/0/0/90/0]	0.83	13.10
3	[0/45/135/135/45/0]	0.80	6.33
4	[0/60/120/120/60/0]	0.81	5.48
5	[0/90/PW/90/0]	0.83	10.96
6	[0/90/0/PW/0/90/0]	1.04	8.64

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