Impact properties of polyimide fiber weft knitted fabric reinforced rubber composites
-
摘要: 针对固体火箭发动机绝热层复合材料在冲击作用下因增强织物和橡胶基体变形不协调导致的破坏问题,基于罗纹纬编结构,设计制备了两种纤维细度、三种线圈长度和两种铺层结构的聚酰亚胺纤维纬编织物增强丁腈橡胶(NBR)复合材料,测试并分析了增强结构对复合材料低速冲击性能的影响。结果表明:选用大丝束纤维、长线圈及正交铺层的复合材料具有更高的冲击峰值载荷和吸能。采用轮廓仪和显微镜观测冲击损伤形貌,在20.1 J冲击能量下试样均未被穿透,基体沿纤维方向产生裂纹并沿厚度方向产生塑性变形是复合材料主要的损伤模式。Abstract: According to the failure problem of the solid rocket engine insulation material caused by deformation incompatibility between the reinforced fabric and rubber matrix under impact loading, the polyimide fiber weft knitted fabric reinforced nitrile rubber (NBR) composites were designed and prepared. Based on the rib structure, two kinds of fiber fineness, three kinds of loop length and two lay-up structures were selected. The effects of reinforced structure on the low velocity impact properties of composites were investigated. Results show that the composites with large tow fiber, long loop length and orthogonal lay-up have higher peak load and absorbed energy. Profilometer and microscope observation were adapted to observe the damage modes of impacted composites. The specimens are not penetrated under 20.1 J impact loading. It is found that matrix cracking along the fiber direction and plastic deformation along the thickness direction are the main damage mode of composites.
-
Key words:
- polyimide fiber /
- weft knitted fabric /
- nitrile rubber /
- composite /
- impact properties
-
表 1 聚酰亚胺(PI)纤维主要性能参数
Table 1. Properties of polyimide (PI) fiber
Material Density/
(g·cm−3)Linear density/
DTensile strength/
GPaTensile modulus/
GPaElongation/
%Tg/
℃SHINO S35 1.44 1500 3.62 112.0 3.37 320 Measured 1.47 1535 3.47 111.9 3.10 − Note: Tg—Glass transition temperature. 表 2 丁腈橡胶(NBR)基本性能参数
Table 2. Properties of nitrile rubber (NBR)
Material 300%
modulus/
MPaTensile
strength/
MPaElongation/
%N41 nitrile rubber 14.3 26.4 480 表 3 PI纤维纬编织物结构参数
Table 3. Structure parameters of PI fiber weft knitted fabric
Sample Loop length/
mmYarn fineness/
DWale density/
(wale·(5 cm)−1)Course density/
(course·(5 cm)−1)Area density/
(g·m−2)Thickness/
mmPITS 15.3 4500 7.5 15.0 987.0 3.2 PITM 16.6 4500 7.8 15.0 1070.9 3.6 PITL 18.4 4500 7.8 15.0 1187.0 4.5 PIFL 18.4 1500 9.1 24.3 594.4 2.2 Notes: T—Thickness; F—Fineness; S—Short; M—Middle; L—Long. 表 4 PI纤维纬编织物增强丁腈橡胶(NBR)复合材料结构参数
Table 4. Structure parameters of PI fiber weft knitted fabric reinforced nitrile rubber (NBR) composites
Sample Lay-up Measuring thickness/mm Area density/(g·m−2) Fiber volume fraction/vol% PITS/NBR [0]2 3.0 1851.0 45.7 PITM/NBR [0]2 3.1 1816.7 49.6 PITL/NBR [0]2 3.1 3563.3 54.9 PITLO/NBR [0/90] 3.1 4230.0 54.9 PIFL/NBR [0]4 3.2 4597.8 51.6 Note: O—Orthogonal. -
[1] 王玲, 梁森, 闫盛宇, 等. 橡胶基芳纶纤维复合材料抗冲击性能的研究[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2020(2):69-75. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0999.2020.02.011WANG Ling, LIANG Sen, YAN Shengyu, et al. Study on impact resistance of rubber aramid fiber composites[J]. Composites Science and Engineering,2020(2):69-75(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0999.2020.02.011 [2] ZHAO Y, HU S H, LIU W, et al. Nitrile butadiene rubber-based heat-shielding insulations for solid rocket motors: Effect of polyimide fibrous reinforcement on the morphology and properties[J]. High Performance Polymers,2015,27(2):153-160. doi: 10.1177/0954008314541819 [3] JI Y, HAN S, XIA L, et al. Synergetic effect of aramid fiber and carbon fiber to enhance ablative resistance of EPDM-based insulators via constructing high-strength char layer[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2021,201:108494. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108494 [4] 刘永兴. 纤维织物增强三元乙丙绝热材料的制备与性能研究[D]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2019.LIU Yongxing. Fabrication and performances of fabrics reinforced elastomeric insulations[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2019(in Chinese). [5] LEONG K H, RAMAKRISHNA S, HUANG Z M, et al. The potential of knitting for engineering composites—A review[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2000,31(3):197-220. doi: 10.1016/S1359-835X(99)00067-6 [6] TAKANO N, ZAKO M, FUJITSU R, et al. Study on large deformation characteristics of knitted fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites at forming temperature by digital image-based strain measurement technique[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2004,64(13-14):2153-2163. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.03.016 [7] ZHONG T, HU H. Formability of weft-knitted fabrics on a hemisphere[J]. Autex Research Journal,2007,7(4):245-251. [8] KARAOGLUL I, ALPYILDIZ T. Impact performances of monoaxial knitted fabric composites[J]. Journal of Composite Materials,2021,55(17):2275-2287. doi: 10.1177/0021998320988877 [9] 张一平. 纬编针织物双向拉伸性能研究[D]. 上海: 东华大学, 2011.ZHANG Yiping. Research on biaxial tensile properties of weft-knitted fabric[D]. Shanghai: Donghua University, 2011(in Chinese). [10] ZHANG Y P, LONG H R. The biaxial tensile elastic properties of plain knitted fabrics[J]. Journal of Fiber Bioengineering & Informatics,2010,3(1):1181-1184. [11] KAZEMI M E, SHANMUGAM L, DADASHI A, et al. Investigating the roles of fiber, resin, and stacking sequence on the low-velocity impact response of novel hybrid thermoplastic composites[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering,2021,207:108554. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108554 [12] BALCIGLU H E, YALCIN D. The determination of fracture characterization of knitted fabric reinforced composites using arcan test[J]. Fibers and Polymers,2020,21(4):849-863. doi: 10.1007/s12221-020-9619-z [13] WANG B, ZHANG M, HAN E, et al. Mechanical behavior of polyimide filament tows under high strain rate tension[J]. High Performance Polymers,2020,32(7):842-848. doi: 10.1177/0954008320904148 [14] 林芳兵, 蒋金华, 陈南梁, 等. 高性能聚酰亚胺纤维及其可织造性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2018, 39(5):14-19.LIN Fangbing, JIANG Jinhua, CHEN Nanliang, et al. High-performance polyimide fiber and its weavability[J]. Journal of Textile Research,2018,39(5):14-19(in Chinese). [15] 顾善群, 张代军, 刘燕峰, 等. 聚酰亚胺纤维/双马树脂复合材料抗高速冲击性能[J]. 材料工程, 2021, 49(1):119-125.GU Shanqun, ZHANG Daijun, LIU Yanfeng, et al. Anti-high speed impact properties of polyimide fiber/bismaleimide resin composites[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering,2021,49(1):119-125(in Chinese). [16] HE B, WANG B, WANG Z, et al. Mechanical properties of hybrid composites reinforced by carbon fiber and high-strength and high-modulus polyimide fiber[J]. Polymer,2020,204:122830. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122830 [17] YAN R, ZHANG Q, SHI B, et al. Investigation on low-velocity impact and interfacial bonding properties of weft-knitted UHMWPE reinforced composites[J]. Journal of Industrial Textiles,2020,51(3):5370S-5388S. doi: 10.1177/1528083720931474 [18] ALPYILDIZ T, ICTEN B M, KARAKUZU R, et al. The effect of tuck stitches on the mechanical performance of knitted fabric reinforced composites[J]. Composite Structures,2009,89(3):391-398. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.09.004 [19] PANDITA S D, FALCONET D, VERPOEST I. Impact properties of weft knitted fabric reinforced composites[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2002,62(7):1113-1123. [20] AKTAS A, TERCAN M, AKTAS M, et al. Investigation of knitting architecture on the impact behavior of glass/epoxy composites[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering,2013,46:81-90. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.10.011 [21] 杨燕宁, 孟家光, 程燕婷, 等. 三种纬编针织增强体复合材料的力学性能[J]. 西安工程大学学报, 2018, 32(2):127-131.YANG Yanning, MENG Jiaguang, CHENG Yanting, et al. Mechanical properties of three weft knitted interwoven reinforced composites[J]. Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University,2018,32(2):127-131(in Chinese). [22] KHONDKER O A, LEONG K H, HERSZBERG I, et al. Impact and compression-after-impact performance of weft-knitted glass textile composites[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2005,36(5):638-648. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.07.006 [23] 卓航, 李是卓, 韩恩林, 等. 高强高模聚酰亚胺纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能与破坏机制[J]. 复合材料学报, 2019, 36(9):2101-2109.ZHUO Hang, LI Shizhuo, HAN Enlin, et al. Mechanical properties and failure mechanism of high strength and high modulus polyimide fiber/epoxy compposites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2019,36(9):2101-2109(in Chinese). [24] 李明俊, 刘敏, 徐泳文, 等. 丁腈橡胶中空纤维阻尼新材料的制备及性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2011, 28(6):45-49.LI Mingjun, LIU Min, XU Yongwen, et al. Preparation and property of a new damping nitrile-butadiene rubber hollow fiber[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(6):45-49(in Chinese). [25] 龙海如. 针织学[M]. 北京: 中国纺织出版社, 2014.LONG Hairu. Knitting technology[M]. Beijing: China Textiles Press, 2014(in Chinese). [26] American Society for Testing and Materials International. Standard test method for measuring the damage resistance of a fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite to a drop-weight impact event: ASTM D7136—2007[S]. West Conshohocken: ASTM International, 2007.