先进复合材料在航空装备发展中的地位与作用

邢丽英; 李亚锋; 陈祥宝

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220525.001

先进复合材料在航空装备发展中的地位与作用

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220525.001

邢丽英^{1, 2, ,},
李亚锋^{1, 2},
陈祥宝^{1, 2}

1.
中国航空制造技术研究院　复合材料技术中心，北京 101300
2.
中国航发北京航空材料研究院先进复合材料重点实验室，北京 100095

详细信息

通讯作者:
邢丽英，中国工程院院士，博士，研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为先进树脂基复合材料技术　E-mail: vcd4321@sina.com

中图分类号: TB332
计量
- 文章访问数: 1636
- HTML全文浏览量: 817
- PDF下载量: 375
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-15
- 修回日期: 2022-05-20
- 录用日期: 2022-05-24
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-22

Status and role of the advanced composite materials in the development of aviation equipment

XING Liying^{1, 2
, ,},
LI Yafeng^{1, 2},
CHEN Xiangbao^{1, 2}

1.
Composite Technology Center, AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing 101300, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China

摘要

摘要: “一代材料，一代装备”阐明了材料技术在装备发展中的重要性。航空装备的发展历程表明，一代新材料的出现支撑了一代新装备的研发，一代新装备的研制牵引一代新材料的应用。不同航空装备应用不同的结构材料，和三代机相比，四代战斗机用结构材料的最大差别是先进复合材料的大量应用。本文介绍了国内先进复合材料技术的发展历程和现状、复合材料技术发展面临的机遇和挑战及今后国内先进复合材料技术的发展重点。
- 先进复合材料 /
- 航空装备 /
- 结构材料 /
- 树脂基复合材料 /
- 发展现状 /
- 发展重点
Abstract: "One generation of new materials, one generation of new equipment" illustrates the importance of material technology in the development of equipment. The development history of aviation equipment shows that the research and development of a new equipment is always supported by a new generation of materials, and the development of a new generation of equipment leads the application of a new generation of materials. That is to say the different aviation equipment uses different structural materials. The fourth-generation aircraft had a very marked difference with the third-generation aircraft on the usage of structural materials. The advanced composites are widely used for structural materials in the fourth-generation aircraft. In this article, the development process and current situation of domestic aviation composite technology is reviewed. The opportunities and challenges of the advanced composite technology are introduced. The significant future trends of domestic advanced composite technology are also proposed.
- advanced composites /
- aviation equipment /
- structural materials /
- polymer matrix composites /
- development status /
- development tendency

HTML全文

图 1 国内航空碳纤维结构复合材料发展历程

Figure 1. Main development history of domestic aviation carbon fiber composites

CAI—Compressive strength after impact; RTM—Resin transfer molding

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 国内结构吸波复合材料发展历程

Figure 2. Main development history of domestic structure wave-absorbing composites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 国内结构透波复合材料发展历程

Figure 3. Main development history of domestic structure wave-transmitting composites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 国内外典型碳纤维的基本力学性能^[19-23]

Figure 4. Properties of typical carbon fiber at home and overseas^[19-23]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 国内外部分复合材料使用温度和冲击后压缩强度^[20-24]

Figure 5. Service temperature and compressive strength after impact of typical composites at home and overseas^[20-24]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 国内研制的复合材料自动铺放设备 (a) 及构件 (b)

Figure 6. Automatic laying equipment (a) and structures (b) in China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 国内航空装备复合材料的应用情况

Figure 7. Application situation of composites in domestic aviation equipment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 夹层结构隐身复合材料的吸收性能

Figure 8. Absorbing properties of domestic sandwich structure wave-absorbing composites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 不同透波复合材料的性能对比

Figure 9. Properties of different wave-transmitting composites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 先进复合材料的主要应用

Table 1. Main applications of composites in aviation

Composites	Applications
Carbon fiber structure materials	Mainly used for load-bearing components to reduce the structure weight of the aircraft
Structure wave- absorbing integration composites	Mainly used for strong radar scattering source stealth components of aircraft to achieve the desired radar cross-sectional (RCS) reduction effect
Structure wave-transmitting integration composites	Mainly used for detection/communication windows to support the detection and electronic warfare capabilities of the aircraft

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 国内部分聚酰亚胺(PI)纤维的基本性能

Table 2. Properties of several domestic polyimide (PI) fiber

PI fiber	Tensile strength/GPa	Tensile modulus/GPa	T_g/℃
S30	3.0±0.2	110±5	≥330
S30 M	3.0±0.2	140±5	≥340
S35 M	3.5±0.2	150±5	≥340
S40	4.0±0.2	140±5	≥340
Note: T_g—Glass transition temperature.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 部分结构透波复合材料的介电性能

Table 3. Dielectric properties of several structure wave-transmitting composites

Properties	Glass/ Epoxy	Quartz/ Epoxy	Quartz/ Cyanate	Quartz/ BMI
Service temperature/℃	80	100	170	150
Dielectric constant	4.23	3.38	3.53	3.58
Loss tangent	0.018	0.010	0.006	0.0079

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(35)

[1]	《世界飞机手册》编写组. 世界飞机手册[M]. 北京: 航空工业出版社, 2011. Editorial Committee of World Aircraft Handbook. World aircraft handbook[M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2011(in Chinese).
[2]	陈祥宝. 先进复合材料技术导论[M]. 北京: 航空工业出版社, 2017. CHEN Xiangbao. Introduction to advanced composite materials technology[M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2017(in Chinese).
[3]	邢丽英. 高性能微波辐射调控复合材料技术[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020. XING Liying. High performance microwave radiation-regulated composite technology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2020(in Chinese).
[4]	邢丽英. 结构功能一体化复合材料技术[M]. 北京: 航空工业出版社, 2017. XING Liying. Structure-function integrated composite technology[M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2017(in Chinese).
[5]	ALAN B, STUART D, DONALD K. Composite materials for aircraft structures[M]. Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 2004.
[6]	邢丽英, 包建文, 礼嵩明, 等. 先进树脂基复合材料发展现状和面临的挑战[J]. 复合材料学报, 2016, 33(7):1327-1338. XING Liying, BAO Jianwen, LI Songming, et al. Development status and facing challenge of advanced polymer matrix composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(7):1327-1338(in Chinese).
[7]	JAYALAKSHMI C G, INAMDAR A, ANAND A, et al. Polymer matrix composites as broadband radar absorbing structures for stealth aircrafts[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2019,136(14):47241.
[8]	RAJINDER P. Electromagnetic, mechanical, and transport properties of composite materials[M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2015.
[9]	DENNIS J K. Analysis of radome-enclosed antennas[M]. Boston: Artech house, 2010.
[10]	RAVI P, LEE J R. Progress in frequency selective surface-based smart electromagnetic structures: A critical review[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology,2017,66:216-234. doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2017.03.006
[11]	李金儒, 周鑫月, 张欢, 等. 复合材料在飞机结构中的应用[J]. 纤维复合材料, 2018, 35(1):3-5. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6423.2018.01.001 LI Jinru, ZHOU Xinyue, ZHANG Huan, et al. Application of composite materials in aircraft structure[J]. Fiber Composites,2018,35(1):3-5(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6423.2018.01.001
[12]	王衡. 先进复合材料在军用固定翼飞机上的发展历程及前景展望[J]. 纤维复合材料, 2014, 31(4):41-45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6423.2014.04.010 WANG Heng. Application development and expectation of advanced composites in military aircraft[J]. Fiber Composites,2014,31(4):41-45(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6423.2014.04.010
[13]	马金瑞, 黄峰, 赵龙, 等. 树脂传递模塑技术研究进展及在航空领域的应用[J]. 航空制造技术, 2015(14):56-59. MA Jinrui, HUANG Feng, ZHAO Long, et al. Development and application of resin transfer molding in aviation[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2015(14):56-59(in Chinese).
[14]	唐见茂. 航空航天复合材料非热压罐成型研究进展[J]. 航天器环境工程, 2014, 31(6):577-583. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1379.2014.06.002 TANG Jianmao. Progress in the out of autoclave process in aerospace composites[J]. Spacecraft Environment En-gineering,2014,31(6):577-583(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1379.2014.06.002
[15]	礼嵩明, 吴思保, 王甲富, 等. 含超材料的新型蜂窝夹层结构吸波复合材料[J]. 航空材料学报, 2019, 39(3):94-99. doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2019.000052 LI Songming, WU Sibao, WANG Jiafu, et al. Novel honeycomb sandwich structure wave-absorbing composites with metamaterials[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2019,39(3):94-99(in Chinese). doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2019.000052
[16]	李大进, 肖加余, 邢素丽. 机载雷达天线罩常用透波复合材料研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2011, 25(18):352-357. LI Dajin, XIAO Jiayu, XING Suli. Research progress in common wave penetrating composite materials of airbone radar radome[J]. Materials Reports,2011,25(18):352-357(in Chinese).
[17]	王飞. 复合材料在军用电子装备领域的应用现状与发展趋势[J]. 纤维复合材料, 2020, 37(3):104-108. WANG Fei. Application and development of composites on military electronic equipment[J]. Fiber Composites,2020,37(3):104-108(in Chinese).
[18]	张强. 天线罩理论及设计方法[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2014. ZHANG Qiang. Radom theory and design methods[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2014(in Chinese).
[19]	邢丽英, 冯志海, 包建文, 等. 碳纤维及树脂基复合材料产业发展面临的机遇与挑战[J]. 复合材料学报, 2020, 37(11):2700-2706. XING Liying, FENG Zhihai, BAO Jianwen, et al. Facing opportunity and challenge of carbon fiber and polymer matrix composites industry development[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2020,37(11):2700-2706(in Chinese).
[20]	包建文, 钟翔屿, 张代军, 等. 国产高强中模碳纤维及其增强高韧性树脂基复合材料研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2020, 48(8):33-48. doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000208 BAO Jianwen, ZHONG Xiangyu, ZHANG Daijun, et al. Progress in high strength intermediate modulus carbon fiber and its high toughness resin matrix composites in China[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering,2020,48(8):33-48(in Chinese). doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000208
[21]	包建文, 蒋诗才, 张代军. 航空碳纤维树脂基复合材料的发展现状和趋势[J]. 科技导报, 2018, 36(19):52-63. BAO Jianwen, JIANG Shicai, ZHANG Daijun. Current status and trends of aeronautical resin matrix composites reinforced by carbon fiber[J]. Science & Technology Review,2018,36(19):52-63(in Chinese).
[22]	Hexcel. Hexcel prouduct date sheet[EB/OL]. (2021). http://www.hexcel.com/Resources/DateSheet/.
[23]	Toray. Toray technical data sheet[EB/OL]. (2021). http://www.toraycma.com/resources/date-sheets/.
[24]	包建文, 陈祥宝. 发动机用耐高温聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料的研究进展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2012, 32(6):1-13. BAO Jianwen, CHEN Xiangbao. Advanced in high temperature polyimide resin matrix composites for aeroengine[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2012,32(6):1-13(in Chinese).
[25]	李斌太, 邢丽英, 包建文, 等. 先进复合材料国防科技重点实验室的航空树脂基复合材料研发进展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2016, 36(3):92-100. LI Bintai, XING Liying, BAO Jianwen, et al. Research and development progress of national key laboratory of advanced composites on advanced aeronautical resin matrix composites[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2016,36(3):92-100(in Chinese).
[26]	邢丽英, 蒋诗才, 周正刚. 先进树脂基复合材料制造技术进展[J]. 复合材料学报, 2013, 30(2):7-15. XING Liying, JIANG Shicai, ZHOU Zhenggang. Progress of manufacturing technology development of advanced polymer matrix composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2013,30(2):7-15(in Chinese).
[27]	赵云峰, 孙宏杰, 李仲平. 航天先进树脂基复合材料制造技术及其应用[J]. 宇航材料工艺, 2016, 46(4):1-7. ZHAO Yunfeng, SUN Hongjie, LI Zhongping. Manufacturing technology and its application of aerospace advanced polymer matrix composites[J]. Aerospace Materials & Technology,2016,46(4):1-7(in Chinese).
[28]	张洋, 钟翔屿, 包建文. 先进树脂基复合材料自动丝束铺放技术研究现状及发展方向[J]. 航空制造技术, 2013(23):131-136. ZHANG Yang, ZHONG Xiangyu, BAO Jianwen. Research status and future trend of automated fiber placement technology for advanced polymer matrix composites[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2013(23):131-136(in Chinese).
[29]	王显峰, 张育耀, 赵聪, 等. 复合材料自动铺丝设备研究现状[J]. 航空制造技术, 2018, 61(14):83-90. WANG Xianfeng, ZHANG Yuyao, ZHAO Cong, et al. Research status of automatic fiber placement equipment for composite materials[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2018,61(14):83-90(in Chinese).
[30]	文立伟, 肖军, 王显峰, 等. 中国复合材料自动铺放技术研究进展[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2015, 47(5):637-649. WEN Liwei, XIAO Jun, WANG Xianfeng, et al. Progress of automated placement technology in China[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Autronautics,2015,47(5):637-649(in Chinese).
[31]	谌广昌, 吴明忠, 陈普会. 高性能复合材料在直升机结构上的应用展望[J]. 航空制造技术, 2019, 62(12):83-90. CHEN Guangchang, WU Mingzhong, CHEN Puhui. Application predication of higher-performance composites in rotorcraft structures[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2019,62(12):83-90(in Chinese).
[32]	常晶菁, 牛鸿庆, 武德珍. 聚酰亚胺纤维的研究进展[J]. 高分子通报, 2017(3):19-27. CHANG Jingjing, NIU Hongqing, WU Dezhen. Research progress of polyimide fibers[J]. Chinese Polymer Bulletin,2017(3):19-27(in Chinese).
[33]	孔海娟, 张蕊, 周建军, 等. 芳纶纤维的研究现状与进展[J]. 中国材料进展, 2013, 32(11):676-684. KONG Haijuan, ZHANG Rui, ZHOU Jianjun, et al. The research status and progress of aramid fibers[J]. Materials China,2013,32(11):676-684(in Chinese).
[34]	汪亮, 董晶, 赵春会, 等. 军用高强高模有机纤维的概述与展望[J]. 现代纺织技术, 2019, 27(4):19-23, 37. WANG Liang, DONG Jing, ZHAO Chunhui, et al. Overview and prospect of high-strength and high-modulus organic fiber for military application[J]. Advanced Textile Technology,2019,27(4):19-23, 37(in Chinese).
[35]	方芳. 先进复合材料在雷达上的应用[J]. 电子机械工程, 2013(1):27-31, 54. FANG Fang. Application of advanced composite to radar[J]. Electro-Mechanical Engineering,2013(1):27-31, 54(in Chinese).