聚酰亚胺/超高分子量聚乙烯纤维混杂增强复合材料防弹性能

贾文星; 贾子琪; 田国峰; 陈珺娴; 黄献聪; 刘少飞; 战佳宇; 武德珍

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221009.002

聚酰亚胺/超高分子量聚乙烯纤维混杂增强复合材料防弹性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221009.002

1.
碳纤维及功能高分子教育部重点实验室(北京化工大学)，北京 100029
2.
军事科学院系统工程研究院，北京 100010
3.
江苏先诺新材料科技有限公司，常州 213146

基金项目: 国防基础科研计划资助(JCKY2020110B002)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(XK1802-2)

详细信息

通讯作者:
田国峰，博士，研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为高性能及功能型聚酰亚胺及其复合材料　E-mail: tiangf@mail.buct.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-19
- 修回日期: 2022-09-15
- 录用日期: 2022-09-17
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-11
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-15

Bulletproof performance of polyimide/UHMWPE fiber hybrid reinforced composites

1.
Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
2.
Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Science (AMS), Beijing 100010, China
3.
Jiangsu Shino New Materials Technology CO., LTD., Changzhou 213146, China

Funds: Defense Industrial Technology Development Program (JCKY2020110B002); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XK1802-2)

摘要

摘要: 针对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维增强防弹复合材料背部凸起(BFS)较高的不足，本研究充分利用聚酰亚胺(PI)纤维耐高温、高模量的优势，制备了一系列PI和UHMWPE纤维混杂复合材料靶板，研究了混杂靶板的铺层结构和混杂比例对比吸收能(SEA)值和背部凸起(BFS)值的影响，分析了混杂靶板防护作用机制。结果显示：PI纤维的使用可以在不影响SEA值的情况下有效限制BFS值，其中两极铺层结构(H3、UHMWPE/PI)和夹芯铺层结构(H4、PI/UHMWPE/PI)表现出混杂正效应，两种结构的SEA值和BFS值分别可达193.2 J·m²/kg，17.40 mm和208.9 J·m²/kg，17.77 mm，表现出优异的防弹性能。
- 聚酰亚胺纤维 /
- UHMWPE纤维 /
- 复合材料 /
- 防弹 /
- 比吸收能 /
- 背凸高度
Abstract: Aiming at the deficiency of high back-face signature (BFS) of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber-reinforced ballistic composites, a series of polyimide (PI) and UHMWPE fiber hybrid composites were prepared by making full use of the advantages of high temperature resistance and high modulus of PI fibers in this study. The effects of layer structure and mixing ratio on the specific energy absorption (SEA) and BFS values of the hybrid composites and the protective mechanism were investigated. The results show that the use of PI fibers can effectively limit the BFS without affecting the SEA value. The bipolar layer structure (H3, UHMWPE/PI) and the sandwich layer structure (H4, PI/UHMWPE/PI) exhibit positive mixed effect. SEA and BFS values of the two structures can reach 193.2 J·m²/kg, 17.40 mm and 208.9 J·m²/kg, 17.77 mm, respectively, demonstrated excellent bulletproof performance.
- polyimide fiber /
- UHMWPE fiber /
- composite material /
- bulletproof /
- specific energy absorption /
- back-face signature

HTML全文

图 1 层合板铺层结构示意图(厚度方向)：(a) 交替铺层结构(H1)；(b) 两极非对称铺层结构(H2)；(c) 两极非对称铺层结构(H3)；(d) 夹芯铺层结构(H4)；(e) 夹芯铺层结构(H5)

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of laminate lay-up structure (thickness direction): (a) Alternating lay-up structure (H1); (b) Two-pole asymmetric lay-up structure (H2); (c) Two-pole asymmetric lay-up structure (H3); (d) Sandwich lay-up structure (H4); (e) Sandwich lay-up structure (H5)

UHWMPE—Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene; UD—Unidirectional; PI—Polyimide

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图 2 PI/UHMWPE纤维混杂增强复合材料靶板SEA值与铺层结构和混杂比例的关系(H0为复合材料混杂定律按照质量分数计算的理论值)

Figure 2. Relationship between SEA value of PI/UHMWPE fiber hybrid reinforced composite target plate and the layer structure and hybrid ratio (H0 is the theoretical value calculated according to the mass fraction of the hybrid law of composite materials)

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图 3 PI/UHMWPE纤维混杂增强复合材料靶板BFS值与铺层结构和混杂比例的关系(同一类型靶板的弹道极限速度V50值和BFS由两块完全相同的靶板分别测得)

Figure 3. Relationship between BFS value of PI/UHMWPE fiber hybrid reinforced composite target plate and layer structure and hybrid ratio (V50 and BFS of the same type of target plate are measured by two identical target plates separately)

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图 4 PI/UHMWPE纤维混杂增强复合材料宏观形貌 ((a)~(e)分别对应H1~H5靶板，混杂比均为5∶12，下标1、2、3分别为背弹面凸起宏观形貌、厚度方向凸起形貌、厚度方向微纳米焦点CT无损检测切片图；(f) 子弹宏观形貌)

Figure 4. Macroscopic morphology of PI/UHMWPE fiber hybrid reinforced composites ((a)-(e) Correspond to H1-H5 target plate, mixing ratio are 5∶12, subscripts 1, 2, 3 are the macroscopic morphologies of the projection of the back elastic surface, thickness direction projection morphology, thickness direction micro-nano-focus CT nondestructive inspection section; (f) Macroscopic morphology of the bullet)

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图 5 PI/UHMWPE纤维混杂增强复合材料迎/背弹面纤维微观形貌：((a1), (a2)) H4-3靶板迎弹面弹孔处PI纤维微观形貌；((a3), (a4)) H4-3靶板背弹面弹孔处PI纤维微观形貌；((b1), (b2)) H5-3靶板迎弹面弹孔处UHMWPE纤维微观形貌；((b3), (b4)) H5-3靶板背弹面弹孔处UHMWPE纤维微观形貌

Figure 5. Micromorphologies of PI/UHMWPE fiber hybrid reinforced composites on the front and back elastic surfaces: ((a1), (a2)) Microscopic morphologies of PI fibers at the bullet holes on the face of H4-3 target plate; ((a3), (a4)) Microscopic morphologies of PI fibers at the bullet holes on the back surface of H4-3 target plate. ((b1), (b2)) Microscopic morphologies of UHMWPE fibers at the bullet holes on the face of H5-3 target plate; ((b3), (b4)) Microscopic morphologies of UHMWPE fibers at the bullet holes on the back of H5-3 target plate

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表 1 聚酰亚胺/超高分子量聚乙烯(PI/UHMWPE)纤维混杂增强复合材料靶板铺层结构

Table 1. Laminated structure of PI/UHMWPE fiber hybrid reinforced composite target plate

Type of structure		Mass ratio (PI∶UHMWPE)	Layers structure	Surface density/(kg·m⁻²)
PI	—	1∶0	P₇₀	6.60
UHMWPE	—	0∶1	U₇₀	4.02
H1	H1-1 H1-2 H1-3	5∶3 5∶6 5∶12	(U₂P₂)₁₈ (U₄P₂)₁₂ (U₈P₂)₇	5.45 4.99 4.58
H2	H2-1 H2-2 H2-3	5∶3 5∶6 5∶12	P₃₆U₃₆ P₂₄U₄₈ P₁₄U₅₆	5.45 5.02 4.55
H3	H3-1 H3-2 H3-3	5∶3 5∶6 5∶12	U₃₆P₃₆ U₄₈P₂₄ U₅₆P₁₄	5.45 5.04 4.62
H4	H4-1 H4-2 H4-3	5∶3 5∶6 5∶12	P₁₈U₃₆P₁₈ P₁₂U₄₈P₁₂ P₆U₅₆P₈	5.47 5.03 4.93
H5	H5-1 H5-2 H5-3	5∶3 5∶6 5∶12	U₁₈P₃₆U₁₈ U₂₄P₂₄U₂₄ U₂₈P₁₄U₂₈	5.47 5.03 4.61
Note: U stands for UHMWPE fiber and P stands for PI fiber, P₃₆U₃₆ stands for 36 layers of PI UD and 36 layers of UHMWPE UD lay-up structure, and PI fiber is used as the spring-return surface.

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表 2 单一纤维PI/UHMWPE纤维混杂增强复合材料比吸收能(SEA)值与背部凸起(BFS)值

Table 2. Specific energy absorption (SEA) value and back-face signature (BFS) value of single fiber PI/UHMWPE fiber hybrid reinforced composites

Type of structure	V50 /(m·s⁻¹)	SEA /(J·m²·kg⁻¹)	BFS /mm
PI	601.4	153.4	16.15
UHMWPE	565.1	222.4	20.40
Note: V50—Ballistic limit velocity of the target plate.

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