红外辅助自动纤维铺放工艺对连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料结构与性能影响

蒋威; 周悦; 杨飞; 黄志高; 陈诚; 周华民

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220513.004

红外辅助自动纤维铺放工艺对连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料结构与性能影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220513.004

华中科技大学　材料科学与工程学院，材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室，武汉 430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52175318)

详细信息

通讯作者:
黄志高，博士，副教授，博士生导师，研究方向为热塑性复合材料成形工艺　E-mail: huangzhigao@hust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-30
- 修回日期: 2022-04-28
- 录用日期: 2022-05-03
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-16
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-15

Infrared-assisted automated fiber placement process on the structure and properties of continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites

State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (52175318)

摘要

摘要: 与激光、热风加热相比，红外加热具有低成本、低污染等突出优势，是低熔点热塑性复合材料自动纤维铺放(Automated fiber placement，AFP)成形的理想热源。但是，红外辅助AFP工艺参数耦合性强，对成形精度、缺陷形成与宏观性能的影响尚不清晰，缺乏相关工艺的数据积累。本文针对红外辅助AFP原位成形工艺，通过调控铺放压力和速度制备了连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料单向层合板，研究了铺放温度与压力对减薄效应、翘曲变形、结晶度和孔隙率的影响，进一步探究了结构和缺陷对弯曲强度、层间剪切强度等宏观力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：温度过高会导致严重的减薄效应，过低则会导致高孔隙率；成形压力过高会造成严重的翘曲和纤维变形，降低层间剪切强度。通过对温度和压力的合理控制，可使孔隙率降至1%，满足民机复合材料构件2%阈值的要求；试样弯曲强度高达466 MPa，与热压成形相比仅降低6%。
- 热塑性复合材料 /
- 自动纤维铺放 /
- 红外加热 /
- 原位固化 /
- 热压成形 /
- 连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料
Abstract: Compared with laser and hot air heating, infrared (IR) heating has outstanding advantages such as low cost and low pollution, and is an ideal heat source for automated fiber placement (AFP) forming of low-melting thermoplastic composites. However, the coupling of IR-assisted AFP process parameters is strong, and the effects on forming accuracy, defect formation and macroscopic properties are still unclear, and there is a lack of data accumulation of related processes. In this paper, for the IR-assisted AFP in-situ forming process, continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite unidirectional laminates were prepared by regulating the lay-up pressure and speed, and the effects of lay-up temperature and pressure on the thinning effect, warpage deformation, crystallinity and porosity were investigated, and the influence of structure and defects on the macroscopic mechanical properties such as bending strength and interlaminar shear strength were further investigated. The results show that: Too high temperature leads to severe thinning effect, too low leads to high porosity; Too high forming pressure causes severe warpage and fiber deformation and reduces interlaminar shear strength. Through reasonable control of temperature and pressure, the porosity can be reduced to 1%, which meets the requirement of 2% threshold for civil-composite components; The bending strength of specimens is up to 466 MPa, which is only 6% lower compared with hot pressing forming.
- thermoplastic composite /
- automated fiber placement /
- infrared heating /
- in-situ curing /
- hot-pressing forming /
- continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites

HTML全文

图 1 连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料(GF/PP)热性能曲线：(a) DSC测熔融温度；(b) TGA测分解温度

Figure 1. Thermal performance curve of continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites (GF/PP): (a) Melting temperature by DSC; (b) Decomposition temperature by TGA

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图 2 红外辅助机器人自动铺放(IR-AFP)成形GF/PP复合材料：(a) AFP机器人系统；(b) 红外辅助原位固化；(c) 红外辅助AFP样品

Figure 2. Infrared-assisted automated fiber placement (IR-AFP) prepare GF/PP composites: (a) AFP-robot system; (b) Infrared assisted in situ curing; (c) Infrared assisted AFP samples

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图 3 自动铺放GF/PP工艺参数对啮合点峰值温度影响：(a) 热电偶在铺放路径前、中、后3个预埋位置与测量曲线；(b) 不同工艺条件下啮合点峰值温度

Figure 3. Influence of automated placement GF/PP process parameters on peak temperature of the nip points: (a) Thermocouple in the front, middle and back of the laying path with measurement curves; (b) Peak temperature of the nip points under different process conditions

T_tool—Mold temperature

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图 4 阿基米德水置换法测密度

Figure 4. Density measured by Archimedes water replacement method

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图 5 不同工艺对铺放成形GF/PP试样外形精度的影响规律：(a) 样品厚度；(b) 样品宽度

Figure 5. Influence of different AFP processes on the shape accuracy of the GF/PP specimens: (a) Sample thickness; (b) Sample width

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图 6 不同铺放工艺成形GF/PP试样层间厚度

Figure 6. Interlayer thickness of the GF/PP samples formed by different AFP processes

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图 7 不同工艺对GF/PP试样翘曲影响规律：(a) 铺放速度为5 mm/s时不同铺放压力下试样翘曲程度扫描图像；(b) 不同工艺下的翘曲平均值

Figure 7. Effect of different process parameters on buckling of the GF/PP specimens: (a) Scanning images of AFP velocity of 5 mm/s under different forming pressure; (b) Average buckling value under different parameters

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图 8 铺放和热压工艺对GF/PP试样结晶性能的影响：(a) 升温过程焓变曲线；(b) 不同工艺样品的平均结晶度

Figure 8. Influence of the AFP and hot-pressing process parameters on the crystallization properties of the GF/PP specimens: (a) Enthalpy change curve of the warming process; (b) Average crystallinity of different process samples

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图 9 铺放工艺对GF/PP试样孔隙率影响规律

Figure 9. Influence of AFP process on porosity of the GF/PP specimens

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图 10 铺放与热压工艺参数对GF/PP试样拉伸强度(b)和拉伸模量(b)的影响规律

Figure 10. Effect of AFP and hot-pressing process parameters on tensile strength (a) and tensile modulus (b) of the GF/PP specimens

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图 11 铺放与热压工艺参数对GF/PP试样弯曲强度(a)和弯曲模量(b)影响规律

Figure 11. Effect of AFP and hot-pressing process parameters on bending strength (a) and bending modulus (b) of the GF/PP specimens

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图 12 铺放与热压工艺对GF/PP试样剪切性能影响

Figure 12. Effect of AFP and hot-pressing process parameters on interlaminar shear strength of the GF/PP specimens

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表 1 红外灯管参数

Table 1. Parameters of Infrared lamp

Infrared lamp type	L_c/mm	P_I/(W·cm⁻¹)	λ/μm	T_I/℃	t/s
Carbon wire radiation	15	40	2.0	1200	1-2
Notes: L_c—Length of carbon wire; P_I—Infrared lamp unit density; λ—Peak wavelength of infrared lamp radiation; T_I—Infrared filament maximum temperature; t—Response time for the infrared filament to reach its maximum temperature.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 工艺实验方案

Table 2. Process experiment groups

Group	ν/(mm·s⁻¹)	P/MPa	T_h/℃	t_h/s
AFP-1	3	0.2	−	−
AFP-2	3	0.4	−	−
AFP-3	3	0.6	−	−
AFP-4	5	0.4	−	−
AFP-5	5	0.6	−	−
AFP-6	5	0.2	−	−
AFP-7	8	0.6	−	−
AFP-8	8	0.4	−	−
AFP-9	8	0.2	−	−
HP-1	−	0.2	180	300
HP-2	−	0.4	180	300
HP-3	−	0.6	180	300
Notes: HP—Hot-pressing process; ν—Velocity of AFP; P—Pres-sure of the forming process of AFP and HP; T_h—Temperature of the hot-pressing process; t_h—Pressurization time of the hot-pressing process.

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