稻秸增强酚醛泡沫保温材料的制备与性能

郝硕; 谢浩; 李爽; 王伟宏

稻秸增强酚醛泡沫保温材料的制备与性能

东北林业大学　生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150040

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(32071704)

详细信息

通讯作者:
王伟宏，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为生物质复合材料　E-mail: weihongwang2001@nefu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S784;TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-09
- 修回日期: 2022-12-08
- 录用日期: 2022-12-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-14

Study on the preparation and properties of rice straw reinforced phenolic foam insulation material

Key lab of Bio-based Material Science & Technology of Education Ministry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 32071704)

摘要

摘要: 保温墙板在减小室内温度波动、维持室内温度适宜和减少能耗方面具有重大作用。本文研究亮点是通过水稻秸秆与阻燃性能优异的酚醛树脂(PF)泡沫复合，制备稻秸增强酚醛泡沫保温材料。二者复合不仅可以改进酚醛泡沫本身脆性大、力学强度低的问题，还能够提高稻秸的利用价值，减少农业废弃物燃烧处理对环境造成的污染问题。技术创新点在于将大尺寸非连续的稻秸定向排布在PF泡沫基体内，形成发泡胶-稻秸-发泡胶的夹层结构，制备出力学性能显著提高、保温和阻燃性能与PF泡沫同样优异的稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料。1稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料制备流程
- 酚醛泡沫 /
- 水稻秸秆 /
- 导热系数 /
- 力学强度 /
- 燃烧性能
Abstract: By compounding rice straw with phenolic resin (PF) foam, to improve the shortcomings of PF foam itself, such as high brittleness and poor mechanical strength, and to investigate the effects of length (8 cm, 12 cm and 16 cm) and form (cross-cutting straw, slope-cutting straw and grinding straw fiber) of rice straw on the physical properties, mechanical and combustion properties of the composite material. The results show that the inner and outer surfaces of rice straw have an obvious mechanical engagement with PF foam; the bending strength, compressive strength and tensile strength perpendicular to the board surface of rice straw/PF foam composite are better than PF foam; the bending strength of 16 cm long slope-cutting rice straw/PF foam composite reaches 1.18 MPa, which is 195% higher than PF; The compressive stress at 10% strain and tensile strength perpendicular to the plate surface of 16 cm long grinding rice straw/PF foam composite were 251.30 kPa and 121.26 kPa, respectively, which were 112.1% and 20.7% higher than PF. The vertical combustion and limited oxygen index test (LOI) results showed that PF foam has better wrapping effect on straw, the thermal stability of the composite was almost the same as that of PF foam, with almost no change in oxygen index value. The flammability test results of both rice straw/PF foam composite and PF foam meet the requirements of B₁ class building materials, which shows an excellent fire resistance. To sum up, 8 cm slope-cutting rice straw reinforced PF foam composite has an optimal integrated mechanical property.
- phenolic foam /
- rice straw /
- thermal conductivity /
- mechanical strength /
- combustion properties

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图 1 水稻秸秆预处理后的形态

Figure 1. Morphology of rice straw after preprocessing

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图 2 稻秸/酚醛树脂(PF)泡沫复合材料的制备过程

Figure 2. Preparation process of rice straw/phenolic resin (PF) foam composite

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图 3 复合材表面(a₁.PF泡沫； b₁.横切稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料；c₁.斜切稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料；d₁.搓碾稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料)、横截面上的稻秸分布(a₂.PF泡沫； b₂.横切稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料； c₂.斜切稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料；d₂.搓碾稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料)、PF泡沫对稻秸的渗透情况(b₃.横切稻秸；c₃.斜切稻秸；d₃.搓碾稻秸)及密度(e)

Figure 3. Appearance (a₁. PF; b₁.Cross-cutting rice straw/PF foam composite; c₁. Slope-cutting rice straw/PF foam composite; d₁. Grinding rice straw/PF foam composite)、inner distribution of rice straw in cross-section (a₂. PF; b₂.Cross-cutting rice straw/PF foam composite; c₂. Slope-cutting rice straw/PF foam composite; d₂. Grinding rice straw/PF foam composite)、the filling of PF foam around the rice straw (b₃.Cross-cutting rice straw; c₃. Slope-cutting rice straw; d₃. Grinding rice straw) and density(e) of straw/PF foam composites

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图 4 PF泡沫从稻秸内外表面剥离后，剥离界面的表面形貌(a.稻秸外表面；b.稻秸内表面；c.从秸秆外表面剥离出的PF泡沫；d.从秸秆内表面剥离出的PF泡沫 )

Figure 4. Surface morphology of the stripping interface after PF foam was stripped from the inner and outer surfaces of the rice straw (a. Outer surface of the rice straw; b. Inner surface of the rice straw; c. PF foam stripped from the outer surface of the rice straw ; d. PF foam stripped from the inner surface of the rice straw)

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图 5 稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料的导热系数

Figure 5. Thermal conductivity of straw/PF foam composites

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图 6 稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料的应力-应变及弯曲强度曲线

Figure 6. Stress-strain and Flexural strength curves of straw/PF foam composites

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图 7 相对应变为10%时的压缩应力

Figure 7. Compressive stress of 10% relative deformation

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图 8 稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料垂直于板面的抗拉强度(a)与试件破坏形态(b. PF泡沫；c. 横切稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料；d. 斜切稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料；e. 搓碾稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料)

Figure 8. Tensile strength perpendicular to the face (a) of straw/PF foam composites and interface after destruction (b. PF; c. Cross-cutting rice straw/PF foam composite; d. Slope-cutting rice straw/PF foam composite; e. Grinding rice straw/PF foam composite)

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图 9 PF泡沫和稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料的垂直燃烧情况

Figure 9. Vertical combustion of PF and rice straw/PF foam composites

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表 1 不同稻秸添加量的稻秸/PF泡沫材料的制备及性能

Table 1. Preparation and properties of rice straw/PF foam composite under different amounts of rice straw

	Foaming resin/g	Rice straw/g	Distribution of rice straw in composite	Foaming resin in the mold overflows	Flexural strength/MPa
PF foam	60	0	/	Almost no overflow	0.39
Rice straw/PF foam composite	60	10	Unevenly distributed after foaming	A small amount of foaming resin overflows	0.50
	60	20	Not bad orientation of rice straw	A small amount of foaming resin overflows	0.56
	60	30	Good orientation of rice straw	Some foaming resin overflows	0.70
	60	40	Poor foam filling performance between rice straws	A lot of foaming resin overflows	0.41

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表 2 稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料极限氧指数测试结果

Table 2. Results of LOI test on rice straw/PF composites

Samples	k₁	k₂	k₃	k₄	k₅	k₆	`k
Rice straw	25.7	25.5	25.5	25.4	25.2	25.2	25.4
PF	36.6	36.4	36.6	36.5	36.6	36.5	36.5
8/cross-cutting/PF	36.1	36	35.7	35.6	35.4	35.6	35.7
12/cross-cutting /PF	35.5	35.7	36.5	36.2	36.6	36.4	36.2
16/cross-cutting/PF	36.3	35.6	36.1	35.7	35.8	35.9	35.9
8/slope-cutting/PF	36.2	35.4	35.5	35	36.1	35.6	35.6
12/slope-cutting/PF	35.3	35.1	36.4	35.9	34.7	36.1	35.6
16/slope-cutting/PF	35.6	35.9	36.3	36.3	36.5	36.4	36.2
8/ grinding/PF	36.4	35.6	35.1	35.3	35.1	36	35.6
12/ grinding /PF	36.3	35.3	36.3	35.8	35.5	35.2	35.7
16/ grinding /PF	35	36.1	36	36.1	36.4	36.3	35.9
Notes：k_i (i=1、2...6) is the specimen number of the LOI test;`k is the average of the LOI test results.

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表 3 稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料燃烧性能测试结果

Table 3. Results of combustion performance tests on rice straw/PF composites

Samples	Virtical burning test (ignition time: 10 s)				Flammability test (ignition time: 30 s)
Samples	Flame height/ cm	After flame time/ s	After glow time/ s	Residual mass fraction/ %	Flame height/ mm	Flaming debris
PF	0	0	5.62	91.3%	83	0
8/cross-cutting/PF	0	0	5.63	95.1%	91	0
12/cross-cutting /PF	0	0	9.29	95.3%	105	0
16/cross-cutting/PF	0	0	8.40	94.4%	89	0
8/slope-cutting/PF	0	0	8.51	95.0%	93	0
12/slope-cutting/PF	0	0	5.56	94.7%	97	0
16/slope-cutting/PF	0	0	6.99	95.3%	102	0
8/ grinding/PF	0	0	8.86	95.2%	108	0
12/ grinding /PF	0	0	7.89	94.7%	99	0
16/ grinding /PF	0	0	6.34	94.9%	102	0

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