Influence of basalt fiber characteristic parameters on uniaxial tensile properties of concrete
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摘要: 考虑玄武岩纤维体积分数和长径比两个主要因素，通过直接拉伸试验，研究玄武岩纤维对混凝土轴心受拉破坏形态、应力-应变全曲线、受拉荷载变形性能和韧性的影响。结果表明：玄武岩纤维增强混凝土单轴受拉破坏呈明显的塑性特征，玄武岩纤维显著增强了混凝土在轴心受拉荷载作用下的韧性；与普通混凝土(NC)相比，随着玄武岩纤维增强因子的提高，轴心受拉应力-应变全曲线特征点和断裂能均呈先增大后减小的趋势；基于轴心受拉应力-应变全曲线分析，提出关于纤维体积分数和长径比的玄武岩纤维混凝土轴心受拉应力-应变本构模型，可供玄武岩纤维混凝土结构和构件的非线性分析和工程设计参考。对比分析拉压比、折压比和单轴拉伸破坏断裂能3种韧性指标，发现断裂能可以准确评价玄武岩纤维增强混凝土(BFRC)受拉韧性，BFRC韧性较NC最大提升率为43.0%。
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关键词:
- 玄武岩纤维增强混凝土 /
- 纤维增强因子 /
- 应力-应变全曲线 /
- 本构模型 /
- 韧性
Abstract: Considering the two main factors of basalt fiber volume fraction and aspect ratio, the axial tensile failure mode, full stress-strain curve, tensile load deformation performance and toughness of basalt fiber concrete reinforced were studied through direct tensile test. The results show that the uniaxial tensile failure of basalt fiber reinforced concrete shows obvious plastic characteristics, and basalt fiber significantly enhances the toughness of concrete under axial tensile load. Compared with ordinary concrete, with the increase of basalt fiber reinforcement factor, the characteristic points and fracture energy of the full axial tensile stress-strain curve increase first and then decrease. Based on the full axial tensile stress-strain curve analysis, the axial tensile stress-strain constitutive model of basalt fiber reinforced concrete about fiber volume fraction and length diameter ratio was proposed, which can be used as a reference for nonlinear analysis and engineering design of basalt fiber reinforced concrete structures and components. The tensile compression ratio, flexural compression ratio and uniaxial tensile failure fracture energy were compared and analyzed. It is found that fracture energy can accurately evaluate the tensile toughness of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC), and the maximum increase rate of BFRC toughness compared with normal concrete (NC) is 43.0%. -
图 3 玄武岩纤维增强混凝土(BFRC)的搅拌方法
Figure 3. Mixing procedures of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC)
图 5 BFRC力学性能与玄武岩纤维体积分数的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between mechanical properties of BFRC and volume fraction of basalt fiber
图 6 BFRC力学性能与玄武岩纤维长径比l/f的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between mechanical properties of BFRC and length diameter ratio l/f of basalt fiber
图 11 BFRC应力与玄武岩纤维体积分数的关系
Figure 11. Relationship between stress of BFRC and volume fraction of basalt fiber
图 12 BFRC应力特征值与玄武岩纤维长径比的关系
Figure 12. Relationship between stress characteristic value of BFRC and length diameter ratio of basalt fiber
图 13 BFRC应变与玄武岩纤维体积分数的关系
Figure 13. Relationship between strain of BFRC and volume fraction of basalt fiber
图 14 BFRC应变特征值与玄武岩纤维长径比的关系
Figure 14. Relationship between strain characteristic value of BFRC and length diameter ratio of basalt fiber
图 17 0.20%BF(1400)/C和0.20%BF(1600)/C试件单轴受拉应力-应变曲线与预测曲线对比
ε—Strain; ε0—Peak strain; σ—Stress; σ0—Peak stress
Figure 17. Comparison of predictions and experimental results of 0.20%BF(1400)/C and 0.20%BF(1600)/C
表 1 水泥和硅灰(SF)的主要化学成分和物理性能
Table 1. Main chemical composition and physical properties of cement and silica fume (SF)
Index SiO2/
%Al2O3/
%Fe2O3/
%CaCl2/
%MgCl2/
%Na2O/
%MgO/
%K2O/
%CaO/
%MnO/
%Specific
gravity/
(kg·m−3)Specific
surface
area/(m2·kg−1)Loss on
ignition/%Cement 20.88 2.86 4.66 − − 0.48 1.66 0.26 69.04 0.16 3120 334 1.50 SF 94.26 0.78 0.66 − − 0.58 0.64 2.65 0.43 − 2310 18954 2.28 
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表 2 骨料的物理性质
Table 2. Physical properties of aggregates
Index Apparent
density/
(kg·m−3)Bulk density/
(kg·m−3)Moisture
content/%24 h water
absorption/%Crushing
indexNeedle and
flake particle
content/%Clay lump/% Fineness
modulusNA 2660 1430 0.63 1.19 11.70 2.24 0.60 − S 2720 1450 1.20 2.80 − − 0.12 2.6
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表 3 BF的物理性能
Table 3. Physical properties of BF
Length/
mmElongation/
%Tensile
strength/
MPaElastic modulus/
GPaDensity/
(kg·m−3)15-24 3.1 2400-3800 79-93 2650
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表 4 混凝土的配合比
Table 4. Mixture proportion of the concrete
kg/m3 NA S Cement SF Water SP 1211 682 364 27 195 1.5 Note: SP—Superplasticizer.
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表 5 试件编号
Table 5. Specimen number
Specimen number Vf/% l/d Specimen number Vf/% l/d 0.05%BF(1000)/C 0.05 1000 0.05%BF(1200)/C 0.05 1200 0.10%BF(1000)/C 0.10 1000 0.10%BF(1200)/C 0.10 1200 0.15%BF(1000)/C 0.15 1000 0.15%BF(1200)/C 0.15 1200 0.20%BF(1000)/C 0.20 1000 0.20%BF(1200)/C 0.20 1200 0.25%BF(1000)/C 0.25 1000 0.25%BF(1200)/C 0.25 1200 0.30%BF(1000)/C 0.30 1000 0.30%BF(1200)/C 0.30 1200 0.35%BF(1000)/C 0.35 1000 0.35%BF(1200)/C 0.35 1200 0.05%BF(1400)/C 0.05 1400 0.05%BF(1600)/C 0.05 1600 0.10%BF(1400)/C 0.10 1400 0.10%BF(1600)/C 0.10 1600 0.15%BF(1400)/C 0.15 1400 0.15%BF(1600)/C 0.15 1600 0.20%BF(1400)/C 0.20 1400 0.20%BF(1600)/C 0.20 1600 0.25%BF(1400)/C 0.25 1400 0.25%BF(1600)/C 0.25 1600 0.30%BF(1400)/C 0.30 1400 0.30%BF(1600)/C 0.30 1600 0.35%BF(1400)/C 0.35 1400 0.35%BF(1600)/C 0.35 1600 Notes: Vf—Volume fraction of the fiber; l/d—Length diameter ratio of the fiber; C—Concrete.
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表 6 混凝土受拉应力-应变曲线的经典模型
Table 6. Classical model of stress-strain curve of concrete under tension compression
Curve segmentation Equation Rising section $ {y}{=}{Ax}{+}{B}{{x}}^{{2}}{+}{C}{{x}}^{{3}} $ $ {y}{=}{{a}}_{{0}}{+}{{a}}_{{1}}{x}{+}{{a}}_{{2}}{{x}}^{{2}}{+}{{a}}_{{3}}{{x}}^{{4}} $ $ {y}{=}\dfrac{{ax}}{{b}{{x}}^{{c}}{+1}} $ ${y}{=}\dfrac{ {x} }{ {\alpha}{ {x} }^{ {\beta} }{+}{\gamma} }$ $ {y}{=}\dfrac{{x}}{{\alpha}{{(1-}{x}{)}}^{{\beta}}{+}{x}} $ $ {y}{=1.2}{x}{-0.2}{{x}}^{{6}} $ Descending section $ {y}{=}\dfrac{{1}}{{{x}}^{{m}}} $ ${y}{=}{A}{ { {\rm{e} } } }^{ {-}{k}{ {x} }^{ { \lambda } } }$ $ {y}{=}\dfrac{{x}}{{\alpha}{{(1-}{x}{)}}^{{\beta}}{+}{x}} $ $ {y}{=}\dfrac{{x}}{{\alpha}{{(}{x}{-1)}}^{{2}}{+}{x}} $ Notes: x—Strain; y—Stress; A, B, C, a0, a1, a2, a3, a, b, c, k, m, α, β, γ—Parameters corresponding to the classical models of different tensile stress-strain full curve equations.
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表 7 BFRC轴心受拉应力-应变全曲线方程参数
Table 7. Parameters of BFRC axial tensile stress-strain full curve equation
Specimen number a1 R2 αt R2 NC 1.3245 99.7 42.9808 97.0 0.05%BF(1200)/C 1.4304 99.7 39.4512 91.2 0.10%BF(1200)/C 1.5147 99.1 34.5624 88.2 0.15%BF(1200)/C 1.6001 99.6 32.6244 87.7 0.20%BF(1200)/C 1.5159 99.3 22.0344 96.5 0.25%BF(1200)/C 1.4627 99.4 17.3553 99.3 0.30%BF(1200)/C 1.3436 99.5 19.5491 96.5 0.35%BF(1200)/C 1.2447 99.3 14.5079 98.3 Notes: a1—Rising section parameters of full curve equation; αt—Falling section parameters of full curve equation; R2—Goodness of fit.
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表 8 不同BF体积分数BFRC的k值和T值
Table 8. k and T values of BFRC with different BF volume fractions
Specimen number kOA/GPa |kAB|/GPa |kBC|/GPa T/(N·m) NC 24.18 61.49 13.43 5.37 0.05vol%BF(1200)/C 24.46 72.13 14.56 5.74 0.10vol%BF(1200)/C 25.58 94.67 16.14 6.18 0.15vol%BF(1200)/C 25.83 104.67 19.54 7.08 0.20vol%BF(1200)/C 26.67 101.00 20.80 7.68 0.25vol%BF(1200)/C 26.63 101.87 23.90 7.18 0.30vol%BF(1200)/C 25.60 70.94 12.60 6.39 0.35vol%BF(1200)/C 25.63 57.50 11.60 5.82
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