Design, fabrication and wide-angle broadband absorption characteristics of the multilayer microwave absorber
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摘要: 3D打印技术为微波吸收结构提供了多尺度、多材料和多维度制造能力,可以充分发挥材料损耗和结构损耗相结合的优势。本文利用FeSiAl-MoS2-石墨烯(GN)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合线材制备了一种三层周期性十字交叉微波吸收结构,研究了各层材料组合和单元结构几何参数对复杂结构吸波性能的影响。仿真和实验结果表明:当介质层、吸收层和匹配层三层材料的石墨烯含量依次为0wt%、5wt%和4wt%时,吸波体的有效吸收带宽(EAB,反射损耗RL≤−10 dB)为12.7 GHz。同时当横电波(TE极化波)和横磁波(TM极化波)的入射角度分别小于40°和70°时,EAB均大于10 GHz。实验结果与仿真结果基本一致,本文为广角、宽频吸波体的设计和制造提供了理论和应用基础。Abstract: 3D printing technology provides multi-scale, multi-material and multi-dimensional manufacturing capability for microwave absorber, which is beneficial to take advantage of the combination of material loss and structural loss. In this work, a three-layer periodic crisscrossed structural microwave absorber was fabricated by using FeSiAl-MoS2-graphene (GN)/polylactic acid (PLA) composite filaments, and the effects of the geometric parameters of the unit cell and the combination of materials of each layer on the absorption performance of the complex structural absorber were investigated. The effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, for reflection loss RL≤−10 dB) of the absorber was 12.7 GHz when the graphene content of dielectric layer, absorption layer and matching layer was 0wt%, 5wt% and 4wt% in turn. At the same time, the EAB value were greater than 10 GHz when the incident angles of transverse electric wave (TE polarized wave) and transverse magnetic wave (TM polarized wave) were less than 40° and 70°, respectively. This study provides a theoretical and applied basis for the design and manufacture of wide-angle and broadband wave absorbers due to the experimental results are basically consistent with the simulation results.
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图 1 十字交叉图案吸波结构示意图:(a)单元结构模型;(b)单元结构俯视图;(c)单元结构x=0截面处的主视图
L—Side length of unit cell structure; d1—Thickness of bottom layer; d2—Thickness of absorbing layer; d3—Thickness of the positive cross; d4—Thickness of rotated 45° cross; a—Arm length of rotated 45° cross; b—Width of rotated 45° cross; c—Width of the positive cross
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the crisscrossed pattern absorber: (a) Unit cell structure; (b) Top view of the unit cell structure; (c) Front view at section x=0 of the unit cell structure
图 7 微波斜入射时电场和磁场的方向:(a) TE极化;(b) TM极化;(c)不同极化角度下C2吸波体的反射损耗曲线
H—Magnetic field component; E—Electric field component; k—Wave vector; θ—Angle of incidence of microwave; φ—Polarization angle of microwave
Figure 7. Directions of electric and magnetic fields when microwave are obliquely incident: (a) TE polarization; (b) TM polarization; (c) Reflection loss curves of C2 absorber at different polarization angles
图 8 C2吸波体的单元结构几何参数优化:(a) d1;(b) d2;(c) d3;(d) d4;具有不同d4的C2吸波体的Real (Zin/Z0)曲线 (e) 和Imag (Zin/Z0)曲线 (f);(g) a;(h) b;(i) c
Figure 8. Optimization of geometric parameters of unit cell of C2 absorber: (a) d1; (b) d2; (c) d3; (d) d4; Real (Zin/Z0) curves (e) and Imag (Zin/Z0) curves (f) of C2 absorbers with various d4 thickness; (g) a; (h) b; (i) c
图 12 C2吸波体在谐振频率处的电场强度、磁场强度和功率损耗密度分布:(a) 6.72 GHz;(b) 9.23 GHz;(c) 15.74 GHz
|E|—Electric field strength; |H|—Magnetic field strength
Figure 12. Distribution of electric field intensity, magnetic field intensity and power loss density of C2 absorber at resonance frequency: (a) 6.72 GHz; (b) 9.23 GHz; (c) 15.74 GHz
表 1 FeSiAl-MoS2-石墨烯(GN)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合线材的成分
Table 1. Compositions of FeSiAl-MoS2-graphene (GN)/polylactic acid (PLA) composite filaments
Material Mass fraction/wt% GN FeSiAl MoS2 PLA 22 FSA-8 MS/PLA 0 22 8 70 22 FSA-8 MS-3 GN/PLA 3 22 8 67 22 FSA-8 MS-4 GN/PLA 4 22 8 66 22 FSA-8 MS-5 GN/PLA 5 22 8 65 表 2 吸波结构的各层材料组合方案
Table 2. Material combination scheme of each layer of absorbers
Absorber Dielectric layer Absorbing layer Matching layer A1 22 FSA-8 MS/PLA 22 FSA-8 MS-3 GN/PLA 22 FSA-8 MS-3 GN/PLA A2 22 FSA-8 MS-3 GN/PLA 22 FSA-8 MS-4 GN/PLA A3 22 FSA-8 MS-3 GN/PLA 22 FSA-8 MS-5 GN/PLA B1 22 FSA-8 MS-4 GN/PLA 22 FSA-8 MS-3 GN/PLA B2 22 FSA-8 MS-4 GN/PLA 22 FSA-8 MS-4 GN/PLA B3 22 FSA-8 MS-4 GN/PLA 22 FSA-8 MS-5 GN/PLA C1 22 FSA-8 MS-5 GN/PLA 22 FSA-8 MS-3 GN/PLA C2 22 FSA-8 MS-5 GN/PLA 22 FSA-8 MS-4 GN/PLA C3 22 FSA-8 MS-5 GN/PLA 22 FSA-8 MS-5 GN/PLA 表 3 文献中报道的结构吸波材料的吸波性能
Table 3. Absorption properties of structural absorbing materials reported in the literature
Structure Fabrication method Materials Thickness/mm RLmin/dB EAB/GHz Ref. Sandwich honeycomb structure Impregnation processes CIP/CB/EP 5.0 −28.00 9.80 [9] Stepped structure Templating method and pyrolysis method SiC/C foam 10.0 − 14.00 [12] Stepped structure Two-step molding MWCNT/CIP/EP 7.0 −55.00 30.00 [16] Flexible honeycomb structure SLS and impregnation processes CF/PA powers
and CIP6.0 −47.00 13.20 [18] Gradient woodpile structure DIW CIGG 94.6 −46.47 14.62 [21] Gratings coat metastructure Coating CNT gratings,
ASCFB and cement23.4 −38.70 14.20 [34] Periodic hollow truncated cone structure SLA and impregnation processes PHR and CCP 25.0 −19.53 16.31 [43] Sandwich structure Pressure GF/EP and FN/BRN 7.0 −25.00 3.20 [44] Three-layer flat structure FDM GN/PLA 4.0 −30.00 4.70 [45] Periodic crisscrossed
pattern structureFDM FeSiAl-MoS2−GN/PLA 8.5 −20.50 12.70 This work Notes: GF/EP—Glass fiber/epoxy resin; FN/BRN—Fe50 Ni50/butyl rubber nanocomposite; CNT—Carbon nanotube; ASCFB—Aluminum silicate ceramic fiberboard; CF/PA—Carbon fiber nylon powders; CIP—Carbonyl iron powder; CB—Carbon black; MWCNT—Multi-walled carbon nanotubes; CIGG—Carbonyl-iron/graphene geopolymer composite; PHR—Photosensitive resin; CCP—Conductive carbon paste; GN—Graphene; SLS—Selection laser sintering; DIW—Direct ink writing; SLA—Stereolithography apparatus; FDM—Fused deposition modeling; RLmin—Minimum reflection loss; EAB—Effective absorption bandwidth. -
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