基于生物质衍生炭在超级电容器中的研究进展

宋晓琪; 雷西萍; 樊凯; 田甜; 朱航

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220628.002

基于生物质衍生炭在超级电容器中的研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220628.002

西安建筑科技大学　材料科学与工程学院，纳米材料与技术研究所，西安 710055

基金项目: 超级电容器电极材料设计与应用团队建设资助Supercapacitor Electrode Material Design and Application Team Construction Support

详细信息

通讯作者:
雷西萍，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为超级电容器　E-mail: leixiping123456@163.com

中图分类号: TM53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-28
- 修回日期: 2022-06-12
- 录用日期: 2022-06-18
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-29
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-15

Research progress of biomass derived carbon in supercapacitors

Institute of Nanomaterials and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China

摘要

摘要: 多孔炭由于其较大的比表面积、高耐久性和独特的内部结构而被广泛应用于储能领域的电极材料，但是发展新的储能系统需要可再生、低成本和对环境友好的电极材料。而生物质作为地球上最广泛的可再生资源之一，有着巨大的开发利用价值。目前在储能领域，生物质炭基超级电容器因其优异的性能而备受研究者的青睐。本文按照炭前驱体的来源对生物质衍生炭进行了分类，重点介绍了生物质衍生炭作为超级电容器电极材料方面的最新研究成果，最后讨论了生物质衍生炭材料在建设高效能源存储系统方面所面临的挑战。
- 多孔炭 /
- 储能 /
- 电极材料 /
- 生物质 /
- 超级电容器
Abstract: Porous carbon is widely used as an electrode material in energy storage due to its large specific surface area, high durability and unique internal structure, but the development of new energy storage systems requires renewable, low-cost and environmentally friendly electrode materials. And biomass, as one of the most widely used renewable resources on earth, has great value for exploitation. At present, in the field of energy storage, biomass carbon based supercapacitors are favored by researchers for their excellent performance. This paper classifies biomass-derived carbon according to the source of carbon precursors, highlights the latest research results on biomass-derived carbon as electrode materials for supercapacitors, and finally discusses the challenges faced by biomass-derived carbon materials in building efficient energy storage systems.
- porous carbon /
- energy storage /
- electrode material /
- biomass /
- supercapacitor

HTML全文

图 1 生物质衍生炭前驱体的分类

Figure 1. Classification of biomass derived carbon precursors

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图 2 (a) 花生壳基活性炭的合成路线示意图^[16]；(b) 采用可再生秸秆、三聚氰胺和盐模板一锅裂解法制备多孔炭材料^[17]；(c) 蚀刻多孔炭骨架(E-PCS)@WC的合成^[18]；(d) NiCo@炭黑(BC)的电化学性能分析^[19]

Figure 2. (a) Schematic diagram of the synthesis route of peanut shell-based activated carbons^[16]; (b) Carbonaceous materials with high supercapacitor performance were prepared by one-pot copyrolysis of renewable wheat straw, melamine and salt templating^[17]; (c) Synthesis of etched porous carbon skeleton (E-PCS)@WC^[18]; (d) Electrochemical performance analysis of NiCo@carbon black (BC)^[19]

NPCM—Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials

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图 3 (a) 咖啡渣炭材料(CGCM)@石墨烯纳米片(GNS)&碳纳米管(CNT)的合成示意图^[33]；(b) 分层多孔炭(HPC)-K-X-Mg(X为Mg(CH₃COO)₂·4H₂O的量，分别为0.3 g和0.6 g)系列样品的制备流程图^[34]；(c) 甘蔗渣基炭球/还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)复合材料的制备及作为超级电容器电极的应用^[38]；(d) 腐植酸钾(HA-K)-650-Q-M(650为加热至650℃，Q为转移至水中，M为200℃煅烧2 h)多孔炭的形成及电化学储存机制^[39]

Figure 3. (a) Schematic illustration of the synthesis for coffee grounds carbon material (CGCM)@graphene nanosheets (GNS)&carbon nanotube (CNT)^[33]; (b) Preparation flow chart of layered porous carbon (HPC)-K-X-Mg (X is the amount of Mg(CH₃COO)₂·4H₂O, 0.3 g and 0.6 g, respectively) series samples^[34]; (c) Illustration for the preparation of bagasse-based carbon spheres/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite and application as supercapacitor electrodes^[38]; (d) Formation and electrochemical storage mechanism of potassium humate (HA-K)-650-Q-M (650 is heated to 650℃, Q is transferred to water, M is calcined at 200℃ for 2 h) porous carbon^[39]

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图 4 (a) 大蒜皮基多孔炭(GBPC)合成的微观过程^[46]；(b) 龟壳衍生活性炭(TSHC-5)的制备工艺示意图^[48]；(c) Ni(OH)₂/rGO@人发(Hh)纤维的制备过程及非对称超级电容器的制备示意图^[49]；(d) 从鸡蛋中获得全固体、柔性超级电容器的示意图^[50]

Figure 4. (a) Microscopic process of Garlic peel base porous carbon (GBPC) synthesis^[46]; (b) Schematic diagram of the preparation process of tortoise shell derived activated carbon (TSHC-5)^[48]; (c) Schematic illustration of the preparation procedure of the Ni(OH)₂/rGO@human hair (Hh) fiber and the fabrication of the asymmetric supercapacitor^[49]; (d) Schematic illustration of deriving all-solid, flexible supercapacitors from eggs^[50]

TS—Turtle shells; TS-750—TS was held in a tube furnace at 750℃ for 2 h with a heating rate of 5℃·min⁻¹, N₂ as the protective gas; TSH-750—TS-750 was pickled with an excess of 1 mol/L HCl to remove the hydroxyapatite and washed with deionized water to neutralize it

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表 1 部分生物质衍生炭结构特征及电化学性能情况

Table 1. The structural characteristics and electrochemical performance of some biomass derived carbon

Biomass precursor	SSA/ (m²·g⁻¹)	Pore volume/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Micropore volume/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Electrode configuration	Electrochemical performance	Ref.
Rice husk	454.6	0.231	0.166	2 electrodes	C_s: 130.3 F/g at 0.5 A/g Rate capability: 83.7%, from 0.5 A/g to 2.5 A/g Cycling stability: 89.4%, 10000 cycles	[60]
Celery	1640	1.02	0.12	3 electrodes	C_s: 402 F/g at 1 A/g Cycling stability: 97%, 10000 cycles Energy density: 178.15 W·h/kg at power density of 473.3 W/kg	[61]
Pinecone	808	—	0.28	2 electrodes	C_s: 69 F/g at 0.5 A/g Energy density: 24.6 W·h/kg at power density of 400 W/kg	[62]
Biomethanated spent wash	889.79	0.4532	0.328	3 electrodes	C_s: 120 F/g at 0.1 A/g Cycling stability： >97%, 1000 cycles	[63]
Citrus limon peel	537.1	0.332	—	2 electrodes	C_s: 362.66 F/g at 2 A/g Cycling stability: 70%, 5000 cycles Energy density: 41.5 W·h/kg at power density of 540.32 W/kg	[64]
Fish scale	962	0.41	0.34	3 electrodes	C_s: 519 F/g at 0.1 A/g Rate capability: 77.8%, from 1 A/g to 200 A/g Energy density: 12.8 W·h/L at power density of 26.5 W/L	[65]
The sliced bread	1644.6	0.69	0.47	2 electrodes	C_s: 229 F/g at 0.2 A/g Cycling stability: 95.5%, 5000 cycles Energy density: 31.8 W·h/kg at power density of 0.4 kW/kg	[66]
The rambutan peel	933	0.459	0.359	3 electrodes	C_s:137 F/g at 0.5 A/g Cycling stability: 82%, 5000 cycles Energy density: 9.2 W·h/kg at power density of 1293.7 W/kg	[67]
Pig nail	2563.3	1.35	0.51	3 electrodes	C_s: 251.4 F/g at 1 A/g Rate capability: 80.7%, from 1 A/g to 10 A/g Cycling stability: 99%, 5000 cycles Energy density: 29.43 W·h/kg at power density of 847.9 W/kg	[68]
Notes: SSA—Specific surface area; C_s—Specific capacitance.

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