基于X射线原位拉伸的三维针刺预制体增强纳米孔酚醛复合材料的微观损伤演化

钱震; 曹宇; 周耀忠; 蔡宏祥; 赵欣; 王鹏; 侯敏; 陈炳斌; 牛波; 张亚运; 龙东辉

基于X射线原位拉伸的三维针刺预制体增强纳米孔酚醛复合材料的微观损伤演化

钱震¹,
曹宇¹,
周耀忠²,
蔡宏祥¹,
赵欣²,
王鹏¹,
侯敏²,
陈炳斌¹,
牛波¹,
张亚运¹,
龙东辉^1, ,

1.
华东理工大学化工学院, 上海 200237
2.
北京星航机电装备有限公司, 北京 100074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (22078100；52102098)；中国博士后科学基金 (2022 M711140)

详细信息

通讯作者:
龙东辉，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为热防护材料与技术　E-mail：longdh@ecust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-22
- 录用日期: 2022-10-17
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-20
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-15

Micro-fracture behaviors of 3D needle punching fabric reinforced nanoporous phenolic composites based on in-situ X-ray

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
2.
Beijing Xinhang Mechanics & Electricity Equipment Co. Ltd., Beijing 100074, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078100; 52102098); Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2022 M711140)

摘要

摘要: 三维针刺是一种低成本、易成型的立体织物制造技术。通过引入空间内随机分布的短切网胎纤维，能够有效切断纤维的热传导并降低材料的密度；进一步，通过引入纤维布可以在不影响材料在厚度方向的隔热性基础上，大幅提高复合材料的力学强度。然而针刺的随机性会给材料的损伤演化、力学分析和性能预测带来极大的挑战。本文以纤维布/网胎交替叠层针刺增强的纳米孔树脂基防隔热复合材料为例，采用原位拉伸 X 射线 micro-CT 技术，揭示了复合材料在轴向拉伸载荷下的损伤演化过程。并采用纤维中心线自动跟踪算法对采集的三维图形数据化处理，量化分析了纤维在拉伸过程中的角度偏转。最后基于 micro-CT 重构的三维结构，建立了高精度的有限元分析模型，并进行了轴向拉伸行为分析。结果表明：复合材料中的损伤始于材料的最外层，其中网胎层中的微裂纹主要产生于针刺位点处的局部富树脂区域，而纤维布层中的微裂纹主要源于纤维束中紧密排布的纤维之间；纤维布可以通过阻隔裂纹向材料内部继续扩展的方式，提升材料的韧性；在轴向拉伸载荷下，材料中的纤维会一致地向外部发生偏转，表现出负泊松比的性质，避免了断口处的“颈缩”现象；有限元分析与实验的结果吻合良好。本文的研究方法和结果可为三维复杂结构材料的微观断裂分析、性能预测与结构优化提供参考。1原位拉伸X射线micro-CT实验方式与结果Method and results of in-situ tensile X-ray micro-CT
- 原位micro-CT 技术 /
- 损伤演化 /
- 针刺纤维预制体 /
- 有限元分析 /
- 纳米孔树脂
Abstract: Alternately stacking needling technology is a straightforward way to prepare three-dimensional (3D) fabrics, but randomly needling process will bring great challenges to the damage evolution, mechanical analysis and property prediction. In this paper, the damage evolution of nanoporous phenolic composites reinforced by alternately stacking fiber felt and woven fabric was revealed by in-situ X-ray micro-CT device. And the angle deflections of fiber were described quantitatively under the loading of axial tensile by automatic tracing of microtubule centerlines. Finally, based on the 3D reconstructed structure, a high-precision finite element analysis model was established, and the axial tension mechanical behavior analysis was carried out. The results show that the damage in composite starts from the outmost layer where the microcracks in the fiber felt mainly originate from the resin-rich zone in the needling aera, while the microcracks in the woven fabric are among filaments in fiber bundle. Besides, the woven fabric can improve the toughness of composite by preventing the microcrack expanding into the inner. The fibers in composite will consistently deflect to the outside, showing the property of negative Poisson's ratio, avoiding the "neck contraction" phenomenon at the fracture. The finite element analysis agrees with the results of experiments. The methods and results in this paper can provide a precious reference for microscopic fracture analysis, property prediction and structural optimization of complex 3D composite.
- in-situ micro-CT /
- damage evolution /
- needling fabric /
- finite element analysis /
- nanoporous resin

HTML全文

图 1 (a) 试样结构示意图；(b) 原位拉伸X射线断层扫描装置；三维针刺预制体增强纳米孔酚醛复合材料的原始三维结构(c)、面内拉伸预实验的位移-载荷曲线(d)和不同应变下对应的三维微结构(e)~(h)

Figure 1. (a) Shape of in-situ tensile specimen; (b) Diagram of in-situ X-ray CT setup and test; Virgin 3 D microstructure of composite (c), displacement vs. load curves of composite in-plane tensile pre-test (d) and corresponding 3 D microstructure (e)-(h) of needle punching fabric reinforced nanoporous phenolic composites under various strains

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图 2 三维针刺预制体增强纳米孔酚醛在不同拉伸阶段下的二维切片结构：(a)~(e) x-y 平面内网胎纤维；(f)~(j) 复合材料的y-z 截面；(k)~(o) x-y 平面内纤维布

Figure 2. 2 D slices of needle punching fabric reinforced nanoporous phenolic composites at different tensile stages: (a)-(e) Slices of fiber felt in x-y plane; (f)-(j) Cross section of composite in y-z plane; (k)-(o) Slices of woven fabric in x-y plane

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图 3 基于不同力学阶段的micro-CT图像重构的三维针刺预制体增强纳米孔酚醛的纤维相：(a)~(e) x-y 平面内网胎纤维；(f)~(j) 复合材料的整体结构；(k)~(o) x-y 平面内纤维布

Figure 3. Fiber phase reconstructed based on micro-CT images in different stages of needle punching fabric reinforced nanoporous phenolic composites: (a)-(e) Fiber felt in x-y plane; (f)-(j) Overall of composite; (k)-(o) Woven fabric in x-y plane

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图 4 三维空间内纤维角度取向的球坐标示意图

Figure 4. Spherical polar coordinates of fiber orientation distribution (FOD)

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图 5 重构纤维相的空间角度分布：(a)~(e) 复合材料中纤维的整体角度分布；(f)~(j) 外层网胎中的纤维角度分布；(k)~(o) 外层纤维布中的纤维角度分布

Figure 5. Spatial angle distribution of reconstructed fiber phase: (a)-(e) Overall angle distribution of fiber in composite; (f)-(j) Fiber angle distribution in outer fiber felt; (k)-(o) Fiber angle distribution in outer woven fabric

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图 6 三维针刺预制体增强纳米孔酚醛复合材料高精度有限元模型的构建：(a)~(d) 纤维布中纤维相的提取、重构与转换；(e)~(h) 网胎层中纤维相的提取、重构与转换；(i)~(l) Abaqus高精度有限元的构建与网格划分

Figure 6. Construction of high-precision finite element model of needle punching fabric reinforced nanoporous phenolic composites: (a)-(d) Extraction, reconstruction and conversion of fiber phase in woven fabric; (e)-(h) Extraction, reconstruction and conversion of fiber phase in fiber felt; (i)-(l) Construction and meshing of high-precision finite element model in Abaqus

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图 7 三维针刺预制体增强纳米孔酚醛复合材料的高精度有限元分析结果：纤维网胎面(a)与纤维布面(b)的应力分布云图；纤维网胎面(c)与纤维布面(d)的应变分布云图；(e)~(f) 网胎纤维的应力分布云图；(g)~(h) 纤维布中的应力分布云图

Figure 7. Finite element analysis results of needle punching fabric reinforced nanoporous phenolic composite: Stress contour of fiber felt surface (a) and woven fabric surface (b); Strain contour of fiber felt surface (c) and woven fabric surface (d); Stress contour of fiber felt (e)-(f) and woven fabric (g)-(h)

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图 8 纤维网胎层中的应力分布云图(a)和应变分布云图(b)；纤维网胎层中针刺位点(c)和纤维附近基体(d)的局部应变云图；纤维布中的应力分布云图(e)和应变分布云图(f)；纤维布中针刺位点(g)和纤维附近基体(h)的局部应变云图

Figure 8. Stress contour (a) and strain contour (b) of fiber felt layer; Local strain contour of needling point (c) and the matrix surrounding fiber (d) in fiber felt; Stress contour (e) and strain contour (f) of woven fabric layer; Local strain contour of needling point (g) and the matrix surrounding fiber (h) in woven fabric

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图 9 IPC-90复合材料的应力-应变曲线

Figure 9. Stress-strain curves of IPC-90 composite

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表 1 有限元模拟中采用的增强体和基体的物理性质参数

Table 1. Physical property parameters of reinforcement and matrix in finite element analysis

Material Model Density/
(g∙cm⁻³) Young’s modulus/GPa Poisson's
ratio

Quartz fiber Elastic 2.28 72 0.22
Phenolic matrix Elastic 0.67 1 0.3

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