Experimental study on flexural mechanical properties of steel fiber desert sand concrete beams
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摘要: 适量沙漠砂作为细骨料制备混凝土可有效提高混凝土的抗压强度，而钢纤维的掺入对混凝土抗拉性能有显著的提升作用。为探究钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁受弯力学特性，设计11根试验梁，分别研究钢纤维体积掺量、沙漠砂替代率和配筋率对受弯梁的影响规律。试验研究表明，钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁相对于普通混凝土梁其受弯承载力提高了4%~22%，受弯梁裂缝数量随钢纤维掺量增加呈现降低趋势，钢纤维减小了混凝土表面的弹塑性变形，而“桥架作用”抑制了裂缝的产生和提高了试验梁的承载力；随着配筋率的增加，主裂缝宽度呈减小的趋势，但极限荷载则逐渐增加，表明配筋率是影响受弯梁承载力主要因素之一；沙漠砂的“填充作用”密实了混凝土，使构件整体性能呈现良好的状态。试验梁的开裂荷载、修正后的极限弯矩理论计算值和试验值吻合效果良好，误差均小于5%。沙漠砂替代工程用砂制备混凝土，可以充分发挥当地资源优势，节约河砂资源，保护河湖生态环境，达到绿色建筑目标。Abstract: Appropriate amount of desert sand as fine aggregate can effectively improve the compressive strength of concrete, and the incorporation of steel fiber has a significant effect on the tensile properties of concrete. In order to explore the flexural mechanical properties of steel fiber desert sand concrete beams, 11 test beams were designed to study the influence of steel fiber volume content, desert sand replacement rate and reinforcement ratio on flexural beams. The experimental study shows that the flexural bearing capacity of steel fiber desert sand concrete beam is increased by 4%-22% compared with that of ordinary concrete beam, and the number of cracks in the flexural beam decreases with the increase of steel fiber content. Steel fiber reduces the elastic-plastic deformation of concrete surface, and the ‘bridge action’ inhibits the generation of cracks and improves the bearing capacity of the test beam. With the increase of reinforcement ratio, the main crack width decreases, but the ultimate load increases gradually, which indicates that the reinforcement ratio is one of the main factors affecting the bearing capacity of the bending beam. The ‘filling effect’ of desert sand compacts the concrete and makes the overall performance of the component present a good state. The cracking load of the test beam and the corrected theoretical calculation value of ultimate bending moment are in good agreement with the test value, and the error is less than 5. The preparation of concrete by desert sand instead of engineering sand can give full play to the advantages of local resources, save river sand resources, protect the ecological environment of rivers and lakes, and achieve the goal of green building.
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图 5 Rds=20%时钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁荷载-位移曲线
Figure 5. Load-displacement curve of steel fiber desert sand concrete beam with Rds = 20 %
图 6 Rds=40%钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁荷载-位移曲线
Figure 6. Load-displacement curve of steel fiber desert sand concrete beam with Rds = 40 %
图 7 Vsf=0.5%时钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁荷载-位移曲线
Figure 7. Load-displacement curve of steel fiber reinforced desert sand concrete beam with Vsf = 0.5 %
图 10 Vsf=2.0%时钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁荷载-位移曲线
Figure 10. Load-displacement curve of steel fiber reinforced desert sand concrete beam with Vsf=2.0%
图 8 Vsf=1.0%时钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁荷载-位移曲线
Figure 8. Load-displacement curve of steel fiber reinforced desert sand concrete beam with Vsf=1.0%
图 9 Vsf=1.5%时钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁荷载-位移曲线
Figure 9. Load-displacement curve of steel fiber reinforced desert sand concrete beam with Vsf=1.5%
图 11 Vsf=1.0%，Rds=40%时钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁荷载-位移曲线
Figure 11. Load - displacement curve of steel fiber desert sand concrete beam with Vsf = 1.0 % and Rds = 40 %
图 12 考虑到Rds钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁拟合曲线
Figure 12. Fitting curve of desert sand concrete beams considering Rds steel fiber
表 1 钢纤维尺寸及力学性能
Table 1. Steel fiber size and mechanical properties
Type L0/mm Lf/mm Df/um L0/Df Ftk/MPa End hook type 35 38 750 46.7 1000 Notes：L0 is the effective length; Lf is the total length; Df is the equivalent diameter; L0/Df is the length-diameter ratio;Ftk is the tensile strength. 
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表 2 钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁参数
Table 2. Parameters of steel fiber desert sand concrete beams
Number b*h/mm2 h0/mm L/mm L0/mm Vsf/% Rds/% Lr Rr/% SF/DSC-0/0-0.97 150*300 259 1800 1500 0.0 0 2 
160.97 SF/DSC-0.5/20-0.97 150*300 259 1800 1500 0.5 20 2 
160.97 SF/DSC-1.0/20-0.97 150*300 259 1800 1500 1.0 20 2 
160.97 SF/DSC-1.5/20-0.97 150*300 259 1800 1500 1.5 20 2 
160.97 SF/DSC-2.0/20-0.97 150*300 259 1800 1500 2.0 20 2 
160.97 SF/DSC-0.5/40-0.97 150*300 259 1800 1500 0.5 40 2 
160.97 SF/DSC-1.0/40-0.97 150*300 259 1800 1500 1.0 40 2 
160.97 SF/DSC-1.5/40-0.97 150*300 259 1800 1500 1.5 40 2 
160.97 SF/DSC-2.0/40-0.97 150*300 259 1800 1500 2.0 40 2 
160.97 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.23 150*300 259 1800 1500 1.0 40 2 
181.23 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.52 150*300 259 1800 1500 1.0 40 2 
201.52 Notes：b means beam width; h means beam height; h0 is the effective height; L—Beam length; Vsf—Volume content of steel fiber; Rds—Replacement rate of desert sand; Lr means longitudinal reinforcement; Rr—Reinforcement ratio; SF—Steel fiber; DSC—Desert sand concrete; for example, in SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.23, 1.0/40 represent the contents of steel fiber and desert sand, 1.23 represents reinforcement ratio.
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表 3 钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁基本力学性能
Table 3. Basic mechanical properties of steel fiber desert sand concrete beams
Number Vsf/% Rds/% Rr/% fcc/MPa fts /MPa $ {f}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{k}}({f}_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{k}}) $/MPa EC($ {E}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{c}} $)/GPa SF/DSC-0/0-0.97 0.0 0 0.97 46.00 4.21 3.79 33.85 SF/DSC-0.5/20-0.97 0.5 20 0.97 52.67 5.27 5.02 34.73 SF/DSC-1.0/20-0.97 1.0 20 0.97 56.79 6.63 5.83 35.61 SF/DSC-1.5/20-0.97 1.5 20 0.97 52.12 7.94 6.64 34.60 SF/DSC-2.0/20-0.97 2.0 20 0.97 50.45 8.19 7.45 34.23 SF/DSC-0.5/40-0.97 0.5 40 0.97 58.71 6.16 5.02 36.01 SF/DSC-1.0/40-0.97 1.0 40 0.97 55.64 7.09 5.83 35.37 SF/DSC-1.5/40-0.97 1.5 40 0.97 53.82 8.26 6.64 34.98 SF/DSC-2.0/40-0.97 2.0 40 0.97 52.87 8.92 7.45 34.77 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.23 1.0 40 1.23 55.32 7.15 5.83 35.30 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.52 1.0 40 1.52 55.46 7.06 5.83 35.33
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表 4 钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁开裂荷载
Table 4. Cracking load of steel fiber desert sand concrete beams
Number Vsf/% Rds/% Rr/% Pcr/KN Mcr/(kN·m) Mcr0/(kN·m) Mcr/Mcr0 SF/DSC-0/0-0.97 0.0 0 0.97 44.75 11.19 10.79 1.037 SF/DSC-0.5/20-0.97 0.5 20 0.97 51.09 12.77 12.84 0.995 SF/DSC-1.0/20-0.97 1.0 20 0.97 59.95 14.99 14.86 1.009 SF/DSC-1.5/20-0.97 1.5 20 0.97 67.05 16.76 16.98 0.987 SF/DSC-2.0/20-0.97 2.0 20 0.97 76.36 19.09 19.07 1.001 SF/DSC-0.5/40-0.97 0.5 40 0.97 50.37 12.59 12.78 0.985 SF/DSC-1.0/40-0.97 1.0 40 0.97 60.00 15.00 14.87 1.009 SF/DSC-1.5/40-0.97 1.5 40 0.97 78.26 19.57 16.96 1.154 SF/DSC-2.0/40-0.97 2.0 40 0.97 76.24 19.06 19.04 1.001 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.23 1.0 40 1.23 59.99 15.00 15.38 0.975 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.52 1.0 40 1.52 64.33 16.08 15.99 1.006 Notes：Pcr is cracking load; Mcr is the experimental value of bending beam cracking load; Mcr0 is the theoretical calculation value of bending beam cracking load.
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表 5 钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁承载力实测值与计算值比较
Table 5. Comparison of measured and calculated bearing capacity of steel fiber desert sand concrete beams
Number Vsf/% Rds/% Rr/% Pmax/kN Mu/(kN·m) Mu0/(kN·m) Mu/Mu0 SF/DSC-0/0-0.97 0.0 0 0.97 194.01 48.50 34.74 1.396 SF/DSC-0.5/20-0.97 0.5 20 0.97 201.77 50.44 39.16 1.288 SF/DSC-1.0/20-0.97 1.0 20 0.97 214.11 53.53 43.21 1.239 SF/DSC-1.5/20-0.97 1.5 20 0.97 223.89 55.97 46.99 1.191 SF/DSC-2.0/20-0.97 2.0 20 0.97 229.90 57.48 50.46 1.139 SF/DSC-0.5/40-0.97 0.5 40 0.97 216.25 54.06 39.16 1.381 SF/DSC-1.0/40-0.97 1.0 40 0.97 234.35 58.59 43.21 1.356 SF/DSC-1.5/40-0.97 1.5 40 0.97 236.51 59.13 46.99 1.258 SF/DSC-2.0/40-0.97 2.0 40 0.97 229.99 57.50 50.46 1.139 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.23 1.0 40 1.23 241.91 60.48 50.37 1.201 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.52 1.0 40 1.52 312.09 78.02 58.17 1.341 Notes：Pmax is the maximum load; Mu is the experimental value of ultimate load of bending beam; Mu0 is the theoretical calculation value of ultimate load of bending beam.
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表 6 钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁修正理论值和试验值
Table 6. Modified theoretical and experimental values of steel fiber desert sand concrete beams
Number Vsf/% Rds/% Rr/% Pmax/kN Mu/(kN·m) M´/(kN·m) Mu/M´ SF/DSC-0/0 0.0 0 0.97 194.01 48.50 47.04 1.031 SF/DSC-0.5/20 0.5 20 0.97 201.77 50.44 50.83 0.992 SF/DSC-1.0/20 1.0 20 0.97 214.11 53.53 56.09 0.954 SF/DSC-1.5/20 1.5 20 0.97 223.89 55.97 60.99 0.918 SF/DSC-2.0/20 2.0 20 0.97 229.90 57.48 65.50 0.878 SF/DSC-0.5/40 0.5 40 0.97 216.25 54.06 48.64 1.112 SF/DSC-1.0/40 1.0 40 0.97 234.35 58.59 53.67 1.092 SF/DSC-1.5/40 1.5 40 0.97 236.51 59.13 58.36 1.013 SF/DSC-2.0/40 2.0 40 0.97 229.99 57.50 62.67 0.917 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.23 1.0 40 1.23 241.91 60.48 62.56 0.967 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.52 1.0 40 1.52 312.09 78.02 72.25 1.080 Notes：M ' is the modified theoretical calculation value of ultimate load of bending beam.
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表 7 钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土梁刚度和挠度
Table 7. Steel fiber desert sand concrete beams stiffness and deflection
Number Vsf/% Rds/% Rr/% Bfs/(N·mm2) f /mm f0 /mm f0 / f SF/DSC-0/0-0.97 0.0 0 0.97 4541586912613 2.56 2.81 1.098 SF/DSC-0.5/20-0.97 0.5 20 0.97 4982743668953 2.43 2.77 1.142 SF/DSC-1.0/20-0.97 1.0 20 0.97 5430396736648 2.36 2.71 1.147 SF/DSC-1.5/20-0.97 1.5 20 0.97 5788406359728 2.32 2.60 1.122 SF/DSC-2.0/20-0.97 2.0 20 0.97 6172974602027 2.23 2.49 1.116 SF/DSC-0.5/40-0.97 0.5 40 0.97 5037073861873 2.57 2.75 1.069 SF/DSC-1.0/40-0.97 1.0 40 0.97 5419431759144 2.59 2.81 1.085 SF/DSC-1.5/40-0.97 1.5 40 0.97 5807600578386 2.44 2.67 1.094 SF/DSC-2.0/40-0.97 2.0 40 0.97 6202500910678 2.22 2.50 1.125 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.23 1.0 40 1.23 5901305918417 2.46 2.73 1.112 SF/DSC-1.0/40-1.52 1.0 40 1.52 6475097572356 2.89 3.00 1.039 Notes：f is the experimental value of bending beam deflection; f0 is the theoretical calculation value of bending beam deflection; Bfs is the short-term stiffness of bending beam.
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表 8 钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土待测梁的参数
Table 8. Parameters of steel fiber desert sand concrete beam to be tested
Number b*h/mm h0/mm L0/mm Vsf/% Rds/% Rr/% fcc/MPa fts /MPa SF/DSC-0/40-0.97 150*300 259 1500 0.0 40 0.97 47.4 4.49 SF/DSC-0.5/60-0.97 150*300 259 1500 0.5 60 0.97 51.1 6.62 SF/DSC-1.0/60-0.97 150*300 259 1500 1.0 60 0.97 50.0 6.60 SF/DSC-1.5/60-0.97 150*300 259 1500 1.5 60 0.97 48.6 6.62 SF/DSC-2.0/60-0.97 150*300 259 1500 2.0 60 0.97 48.1 7.30
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表 9 钢纤维沙漠砂混凝土待测梁的力学性能
Table 9. Mechanical properties of steel fiber desert sand concrete beams
Number Vsf/% Rds/% Ec($ {E}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{c}} $)/GPa Mcr/(kN·m) M´/(kN·m) Bfs/(N·mm2) f/mm SF/DSC-0/40-0.97 0.0 40 34.11 11.48 43.26 4552305379540 2.28 SF/DSC-0.5/60-0.97 0.5 60 34.38 12.83 46.42 4967398655727 2.24 SF/DSC-1.0/60-0.97 1.0 60 34.13 14.92 51.26 5361077255435 2.29 SF/DSC-1.5/60-0.97 1.5 60 33.81 17.01 55.69 5747548606608 2.32 SF/DSC-2.0/60-0.97 2.0 60 33.69 19.09 59.83 6142795102906 2.33
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