基于数字图像技术的C/SiC复合材料拉伸行为与失效机制

黄鲛; 陈婧旖; 罗磊; 李玉军; 张毅; 李斌

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210629.003

基于数字图像技术的C/SiC复合材料拉伸行为与失效机制

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210629.003

黄鲛^1,,
陈婧旖^2,,
罗磊^2,,
李玉军^1,,
张毅^3, ,,
李斌^4,

1.
西北工业大学　机电学院，西安 710072
2.
北京航天长征飞行器研究所，北京 100076
3.
西北工业大学　超高温结构复合材料重点实验室，西安 710072
4.
火箭军装备部驻西安地区第六军事代表室，西安 710072

基金项目: 国家自然基金(11902256)；陕西省自然基金(2019JQ-479)；国家自然科学基金(51802263)；国家科技重大专项(2017-VI-0007-0077)；中国博士后基金(2019M660254)

详细信息

通讯作者:
张毅，博士，助理研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为陶瓷基复合材料　E-mail：zhangyit@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-20
- 修回日期: 2021-06-09
- 录用日期: 2021-06-24
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-23

Tensile behavior and failure mechanism of C/SiC composite based on digital image technology

HUANG Jiao^1
,,
CHEN Jingyi^2
,,
LUO Lei^2
,,
LI Yujun^1
,,
ZHANG Yi^{3
, ,},
LI Bin^4
,

1.
Institute of Electrical and Mechanical, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
2.
Beijing Institute of Aerospace Long March Vehicle, Beijing 100076, China
3.
Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
4.
The Sixth Military Representative Office of the Rocket Force Equipment Department in Xi’an, Xi’an 710072, China

摘要

摘要: 本文通过二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料的准静态单轴拉伸试验的数字图像相关(DIC)技术分析，研究损伤与应变的关系及最大应变处与断裂位置的关系。通过对材料的孔隙分析及断口分析，探究材料在损伤演化过程中内部结构的变化。结果表明，拉伸载荷作用下，材料的应变并不均匀。而层与层间损伤差异及相互影响导致最大应变位置一直变化。随着损伤的不断累积，最大应变位置处先发生断裂；材料的断裂失效位置往往与其结构薄弱程度及应力应变水平密切相关；断裂瞬间，多重拔出机制及各层结构差异性导致层与层的失效位置不同，造成分层失效。
- 平纹编织C/SiC复合材料 /
- 最大应变位置 /
- 断裂位置 /
- 损伤演化 /
- 分层失效
Abstract: The relationship between the damage and strain as well as the relationship between the maximum strain and fracture position were investigated by the quasi-static uniaxial tensile test of plain weave C/SiC composite using digital image correlation (DIC) technology analysis. The variation of material’s internal structure during the damage evolution has been explored by analyzing the material’s pore and fracture. The results show that the strain of the material under tensile load is not well-distributed. The damage difference between layers and their inter-action result in the constant variation of maximum strain position. With the accumulation of damage, fracture occurs first to the position of maximum strain and the fracture failure location of this material is often closely related to its structural weakness and the stress and strain level. At the moment of material fracture, the multiple pull-out mechanism and the structural difference in each of layers lead to different failure positions among layers, resulting in delamination failure.
- plain weave C/SiC composite /
- maximum strain position /
- fracture position /
- damage evolution /
- delamination

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图 1 二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料试样形状及有效区域局部二维结构

Figure 1. 2D plain weave C/SiC composite specimen shape and local 2D structure in effective area

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图 2 二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料试样表面的散斑图

Figure 2. Speckle image of 2D plain weave C/SiC composite specimen surface

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图 3 二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料拉伸应力-应变曲线及应变场

Figure 3. Stress-strain curve and strain field of 2D plain weave C/SiC composite under tensile load

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图 4 二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料横向开裂形式

Figure 4. Transverse cracking mode of 2D plain weave C/SiC composite

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图 5 二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料纵向失效模式

Figure 5. Longitudinal failure modes of 2D plain weave C/SiC composite

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图 6 二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料试样断口

Figure 6. Fracture of 2D plain weave C/SiC composite specimen

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图 7 二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料试样断裂处与非断裂处孔隙直径分布图(对数正态分布拟合)

Figure 7. Pore diameter distribution at fracture and non-fracture sites of 2D plain weave C/SiC composite specimen (lognormal distribution fitting)

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表 1 二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料拉伸性能

Table 1. Mechanical properties of 2D plain weave C/SiC composites under tensile load

Number of sample	Tensile modulus/GPa	Tensile strength/MPa	Strain/%
T1	151.60	261.35	0.553
T2	113.46	279.43	0.580
T3	113.89	278.63	0.626

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表 2 拉伸各阶段二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料DIC应变云图的变化

Table 2. Variation of DIC strain nephogram of 2D plain weave C/SiC composite at different stretching stages

Stage	(${\varepsilon _{yy\max }} = 0.626\% $)
(I)
${\varepsilon _{yy}}$	$0$	$0.025{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$	$0.05{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$
(Ⅱ)
${\varepsilon _{yy}}$	$0.2{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$	$0.4{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$	$0.6{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$
(Ⅲ)
${\varepsilon _{yy}}$	$0.8{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$	$0.9{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$	${\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$
Notes: ${\varepsilon _{yy}}$—Strain of the specimen in the loading direction; ${\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$—Fracture strain.

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表 3 同一阶段二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料试样DIC应变云图的变化

Table 3. Variation of DIC strain nephogram of 2D plain weave C/SiC composite specimen at the same stage

Stage	${\varepsilon _{yy}}$	T1(${\varepsilon _{yy\max }} = 0.553\% $)	T2(${\varepsilon _{yy\max }} = 0.580\% $)	T3(${\varepsilon _{yy\max }} = 0.626\% $)
(Ⅱ)	$0.2{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$
	$0.4{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$
	$0.6{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$
(Ⅲ)	$0.8{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$
	$0.9{\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$
	${\varepsilon _{yy\max }}$

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表 4 二维平纹编织C/SiC复合材料试样孔隙直径的对数正态分布特征参数

Table 4. Lognormal distribution characteristic of pore diameter of 2D plain weave C/SiC composite specimen

Sample	$\mu $	$\sigma $
T1(Fracture)	0.1318	1.3864
T1(Non-fracture)	0.1394	0.6603
T2(Fracture)	0.0632	0.4356
T2(Non-fracture)	0.0579	0.3466
T3(Fracture)	0.0578	0.3398
T3(Non-fracture)	0.0582	0.2414
Note: $\mu $ and $\sigma $—Mean and variance of lognormal distribution, respectively.

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