仿羊角管状复合材料结构抗冲击性能

徐菁; 李岩; 付昆昆

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220530.006

仿羊角管状复合材料结构抗冲击性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220530.006

同济大学　航空航天与力学学院，上海 200092

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目(12132011)；国家自然科学基金委中英牛顿高级学者(12061130201)；上海市国际科技合作基金项目(19520713000)

详细信息

通讯作者:
李岩，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为复合材料设计和制造　E-mail: liyan@tongji.edu.cn

付昆昆，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为复合材料损伤评估和增材制造　E-mail: 1984fukunkun@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-21
- 修回日期: 2022-05-19
- 录用日期: 2022-05-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-01
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-15

Impact resistance of horn-inspired tubular composite structure

School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Project (12132011); Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship (12061130201); Shanghai International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (19520713000)

摘要

摘要: 羊角因其独特的管状微观结构显示出优异的抗冲击性能。本文从羊角微观结构汲取灵感，设计了仿羊角管状结构。基于3D打印熔融沉积技术，采用短切碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料制备了仿羊角管状结构(HTS)。冲击实验结果表明HTS试样的冲击载荷-位移曲线中存在较长的高载荷平台区，在此阶段吸收了大量的冲击能量，较非仿生样品吸能提升了143.9%，比吸能值提升了178.8%。提出了HTS冲击有限元模型，仿真预测结果和实验获得的冲击响应及裂纹扩展路径结果吻合较好，验证了该模型的有效性。采用该模型分析发现：在冲击过程中细管周围产生较大的应力集中，使裂纹发生偏转进而捕获裂纹，并在细管其他位置重新萌生新的裂纹并朝下一个细管扩展，这个过程不断重复，从而吸收了大量的冲击能量。最后，基于该有限元模型探索了几何参数和材料性能对HTS冲击吸能的影响规律。该研究探索了仿羊角管状复合材料结构冲击吸能特性和吸能机制，对新型抗冲击装备的设计和制备具有重要意义。
- 仿羊角管状结构 /
- 冲击吸能 /
- 3D打印 /
- 复合材料 /
- 有限元分析
Abstract: Horns exhibit excellent impact resistance due to their unique tubular microstructure. This study draws inspiration from the microstructure of horns and designs a tubular structure. Based on 3D printing fused deposition technology, a horn-inspired tubular structure (HTS) was fabricated using chopped carbon fiber reinforced nylon composites. The impact test results show that there is a long high-load platform region in the impact force-displacement curve of HTS, which absorbs a large amount of impact energy at this stage. Compared with the un-biomimetic structure sample, the energy absorption of HTS sample increases by 143.9%, and the specific energy absorption value increases by 178.8%. The HTS impact finite element model was proposed, and the simulation prediction results are in good agreement with the experimental results of the impact response and crack propagation path, which verifies the validity of the model. Based on the analysis of the model, it is found that a large stress concentration is generated around the tube during the impact process, which deflects the crack and captures the crack, and re-initiates new cracks in other positions of the tube and expands toward the next tube. This process is repeated to absorb a large amount of impact energy. Finally, the influences of geometric parameters and material properties on impact energy absorption of HTS were explored based on the finite element model. This study explored the impact energy absorption characteristics and energy absorption mechanism of the horn-inspired tubular composite structure, which was of great significance for the design and manufacture of new impact-resistant equipment.
- horn-inspired tubular structure /
- impact energy absorption /
- 3D printing /
- composite /
- finite element analysis

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图 1 大角羊角细管分布示意图与光学显微图像^[29]

Figure 1. Schematic of tubule distribution and optical microscopy of horn cross sections for bighorn sheep^[29]

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图 2 仿羊角管状结构几何参数示意图

Figure 2. Schematic of the geometric parameters of horn-inspired tubular structure

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图 3 Charpy冲击试样示意图

Figure 3. Schematic of Charpy impact specimen

R2—Radius 2 mm

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图 4 Mark Two^TM 3D打印机

Figure 4. Mark Two^TM 3D printer

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图 5 Instron CEAST 9350落锤冲击实验系统

Figure 5. Instron CEAST 9350 drop-tower impact test system

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图 6 有限元模型网格划分示意图

Figure 6. Demonstration of finite element model and meshing

RP—Reference point

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图 7 Onyx^TM材料性能拉伸实验与仿真拟合曲线

Figure 7. Experiment and simulation curves of tensile properties for Onyx^TM material

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图 8 UBS和HTS实验结果与仿真结果力和位移、吸能和位移对比

Figure 8. Comparison of force and displacement, energy absorption and displacement between experimental and simulation results of UBS and HTS

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图 9 UBS与HTS的实验和模拟裂纹扩展对比

Figure 9. Comparison of experimental and simulated crack growth of UBS and HTS

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图 10 冲击各阶段仿真结果：(a) UBS；(b) HTS

Figure 10. Simulation results of each stage of impact: (a) UBS; (b) HTS

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图 11 横向间距(a)和细管直径(b)对HTS冲击吸收能的影响

Figure 11. Effect of transverse spacing (a) and tube diameter (b) on impact absorption energy of HTS

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图 12 HTS-T2.89仿真结果示意图

Figure 12. Schematic of simulation results of HTS-T2.89

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图 13 HTS-D系列仿真结果示意图

Figure 13. Schematic of simulation results of HTS-D series

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图 14 弹性模量(a)和屈服强度(b)对HTS冲击吸收能的影响

Figure 14. Effect of elastic modulus (a) and yield strength (b) on impact absorption energy of HTS

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图 15 HTS-E3000载荷下降阶段仿真结果示意图

Figure 15. Schematic of simulation results of HTS-E3000 at load reduction stage

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图 16 HTS-S系列仿真结果示意图

Figure 16. Schematic of simulation results of HTS-S series

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表 1 未仿生结构(UBS)与仿羊角管状结构(HTS)几何参数

Table 1. Geometric parameters of un-biomimetic structure (UBS) and horn-inspired tubular structure (HTS)

	Tube diameter/mm	Longitudinal spacing/mm	Transverse spacing/mm
UBS	—	—	—
HTS	1	2.5	2

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表 2 Onyx^TM材料的弹性性能

Table 2. Elastic properties of Onyx^TM material

Density/(kg·m⁻³)	Elastic modulus/GPa	Poisson's ratio	Yield stress/MPa	Fracture strain/%	Fracture energy/(kJ·m²)
1200	2.0	0.3	54.17	20.55	20

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表 3 Onyx^TM材料在真实应力应变下的塑性性能

Table 3. Plastic properties of Onyx^TM material in terms of true stress and strain

Yield stress/MPa	54.17	58.17	60.24	61.23	62.01	64.15	66.62	68.64
Plastic strain/%	0	0.5	1	1.5	2.5	7.5	12.5	17.5

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表 4 有限元模型不同横向间距的 HTS系列(HTS-T)与不同细管直径的 HTS系列(HTS-D)几何参数

Table 4. Geometric parameters of HTS series with different transverse spacing (HTS-T) and HTS series with different tube diameter (HTS-D) finite element model

Sample	Tube diameter/mm	Longitudinal spacing/mm	Transverse spacing/mm
HTS-T2	1	2.5	2
HTS-T2.5	1	2.5	2.5
HTS-T2.89	1	2.5	2.89
HTS-T4	1	2.5	4
HTS-D0.5	0.5	2.5	2
HTS-D1	1	2.5	2
HTS-D1.5	1.5	2.5	2

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表 5 有限元模型不同弹性模量HTS系列(HTS-E)与不同屈服强度的HTS系列(HTS-S)材料性能

Table 5. Material properties of HTS series with different modulus of elasticity (HTS-E) and HTS with different yield strengths (HTS-S) finite element model

Sample	Elastic modulus/GPa	Plastic properties
HTS-E1000	1.0	Same as Table 3
HTS-E1500	1.5	Same as Table 3
HTS-E2000	2.0	Same as Table 3
HTS-E2500	2.5	Same as Table 3
HTS-E3000	3.0	Same as Table 3
HTS-S0.5	2.0	The yield strength is one-half of Onyx^TM material (as shown in Table 6)
HTS-S1	2.0	The yield strength is consistent with Onyx^TM material (as shown in Table 3)
HTS-S1.5	2.0	The yield strength is 1.5 times that of Onyx^TM material (as shown in Table 6)

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表 6 有限元模型HTS-S0.5和HTS-S1.5系列的材料塑性性能参数

Table 6. Plastic properties of HTS-S0.5 and HTS-S1.5 finite element model series

HTS-S0.5	Yield stress/MPa	27.09	29.09	30.12	30.62	31.01	32.08	33.31	34.32
HTS-S0.5	Plastic strain/%	0	0.5	1	1.5	2.5	7.5	12.5	17.5
HTS-S1.5	Yield stress/MPa	81.26	87.26	90.36	91.85	93.02	96.23	99.93	102.96
HTS-S1.5	Plastic strain/%	0	0.5	1	1.5	2.5	7.5	12.5	17.5

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