Design and preparation of impedance gradient structure with broadband and strong absorption
-
摘要: 复合结构被广泛应用于吸波材料设计,然而,宽频、高效的吸收性能需求给结构材料的研制带来了挑战。本文基于熔融沉积成型3D打印技术,以超导电炭黑(CB)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为原料,设计了一种阻抗渐变的结构型吸波材料。根据多层结构反射率计算公式,结合有限迭代分析方法,构建阻抗渐变结构理论分析模型,推导结构等效电磁参数、输入阻抗、反射率的计算方法。所设计的阻抗渐变结构在2~18 GHz范围内可实现−10 dB的反射损耗,其中,在2.68~18 GHz范围内,达到了−20 dB的强反射损耗。分析阻抗渐变结构的电场、磁场和功率损耗,进一步阐述单元结构的微波吸收机制。实验结果与仿真结果较吻合,本文为宽频、高效的一体化吸波结构设计提供了一种技术途径。
-
关键词:
- 3D打印 /
- CB/TPU复合材料 /
- 吸波材料 /
- 阻抗渐变结构 /
- 宽频强吸收
Abstract: Composite structures have been widely used in the design of absorbing materials. However, the development of structural materials is challenged by the demand of broadband and efficient absorption performance. Herein, an impedance gradient microwave absorbing metastructure was designed and fabricated by fused deposition modeling of 3D printing technology. High dielectric loss composites were prepared by a mechanical blending of thermoplastic polyurethane and carbon black. Based on the reflectance formula of multilayer structure, the theoretical analysis model of impedance gradient structure was established. Calculation method of equivalent electromagnetic parameters, input impedance and reflectance of structure was derived. The designed impedance gradient structure can achieve −10 dB absorption bandwidth in the range of 2-18 GHz, and strong reflection loss of −20 dB can be achieved in the range of 2.68-18 GHz. The absorbing mechanism of the structure was further revealed by studying the distribution of electric field, magnetic field and power loss. The experimental results agree well with the simulation results. The impedance gradient structure designed in this paper provides a simple and promising route for broadband and wide-angle microwave strong absorption in practical application. -
图 6 阻抗渐变结构(结构参数为h=30 mm、x=10°、p=12 mm、d=2.5 mm)输入阻抗与反射损耗计算结果:(a) 输入阻抗实部;(b) 输入阻抗虚部;(c) 反射损耗;(d) 不同频点下的阻抗
Figure 6. Impedance gradient structure (Structure parameters are h=30 mm, x=10°, p=12 mm, d=2.5 mm) input impedance and reflection loss calculation results: (a) Calculatedreal part; (b) Imaginary part of input impedance; (c) Reflection loss; (d) Impedance at different frequency
Zin—Input impedance; ΓR—Relection loss; N—Iterations; Real_Zin—Real part of input impedance; Imag_Zin—Imaginary part of input impedance
表 1 3D打印的主要工艺参数
Table 1. Settings of 3D printer
Main printing parameter Values Layer height/mm 0.1 Infill density/% 100 Print speed/(mm·s−1) 30 Nozzle temperature/℃ 205 Nozzle diameter/mm 0.4 Build platform temperature/℃ 90 表 2 与同类结构型吸波材料对比
Table 2. Compared with similar structural absorbing materials
-
[1] ZHANG Y, HUANG Y, CHEN H, et al. Composition and structure control of ultralight graphene foam for high-performance microwave absorption[J]. Carbon,2016,105:438-447. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.04.070 [2] 马瑶, 王建宝, 石立华, 等. 一款透明柔性超材料宽频微波吸收器[J]. 复合材料学报, 2022, 39(4):1601-1609.MA Yao, WANG Jianbao, SHI Lihua, et al. A wideband, transparent and flexible microwave metamaterial absorber[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2022,39(4):1601-1609(in Chinese). [3] JIAO Y, SONG Q, YIN X, et al. Grow defect-rich bamboo-like carbon nanotubes on carbon black for enhanced microwave absorption properties in X band[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology,2022,119:200-208. [4] SHU R, WAN Z, ZHANG J, et al. Synergistically assembled nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite aerogels with superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2021,210:108818. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108818 [5] 奚洪亮, 李伟铭, 赵永彬, 等. 改性氧化石墨烯/Fe3O4复合材料的制备及电磁吸收性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2019, 36(3):708-714.XI Hongliang, LI Weiming, ZHAO Yongbin, et al. Preparation and electromagnetic absorbing properties of modified graphene oxide/Fe3O4 composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2019,36(3):708-714(in Chinese). [6] KASGOZ A, KORKMAZ M, DURMUS A. Compositional and structural design of thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon based single and multi-layer composite sheets for high-performance X-band microwave absorbing applications[J]. Polymer,2019,180:121672. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121672 [7] FENG W, WANG Y, CHEN J, et al. Reduced graphene oxide decorated with in-situ growing ZnO nanocrystals: Facile synthesis and enhanced microwave absorption properties[J]. Carbon,2016,108:52-60. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.06.084 [8] YUN S, KIRAKOSYAN A, SURABHI S, et al. Controlled morphology of MWCNTs driven by polymer-grafted nanoparticles for enhanced microwave absorption[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C,2017,5(33):8436-8443. doi: 10.1039/C7TC02892J [9] LI D, YANG J, WANG X, et al. Ultrabroadband metamaterial absorber based on effectively coupled multilayer his loaded structure with dallenbach layer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2022,70(1):232-238. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2021.3129219 [10] LAI W, WANG Y, HE J. Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of structural conductive ABS fabricated by fused deposition modeling[J]. Polymers (Basel),2020,12(6):1217. doi: 10.3390/polym12061217 [11] GONG P, HAO L, LI Y, et al. 3D-printed carbon fiber/polyamide-based flexible honeycomb structural absorber for multifunctional broadband microwave absorption[J]. Carbon,2021,185:272-281. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.09.014 [12] CHEN X, WU Z, ZHANG Z, et al. Ultra-broadband and wide-angle absorption based on 3D-printed pyramid[J]. Optics & Laser Technology,2020,124:105972. [13] HUANG Y, YUAN X, WANG C, et al. Flexible thin broadband microwave absorber based on a pyramidal periodic structure of lossy composite[J]. Optics Letters,2018,43(12):2764-2767. doi: 10.1364/OL.43.002764 [14] HUANG Y, WU D, CHEN M, et al. Evolutionary optimization design of honeycomb metastructure with effective mechanical resistance and broadband microwave absorption[J]. Carbon,2021,177:79-89. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.066 [15] PANG H, DUAN Y, DAI X, et al. The electromagnetic response of composition-regulated honeycomb structural materials used for broadband microwave absorption[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology,2021,88:203-214. [16] LIU Y, GUO W, HAN T. Ultra-broadband absorption with gradient pyramidal metamaterials[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research C,2017,78:217-224. doi: 10.2528/PIERC17081107 [17] YE W, WU W, HU X, et al. 3D printing of carbon nanotubes reinforced thermoplastic polyimide composites with controllable mechanical and electrical performance[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2019,182:107671. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.05.028 [18] YOUNES H, LI R, LEE S E, et al. Gradient 3D-printed honeycomb structure polymer coated with a composite consisting of Fe3O4 multi-granular nanoclusters and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for electromagnetic wave absorption[J]. Synthetic Metals,2021,275:116731. doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2021.116731 [19] LLESHI X, HOANG T, LOISEAUX B, et al. Design and full characterization of a 3D-printed hyperbolic pyramidal wideband microwave absorber[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2021,20(1):28-32. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2020.3037718 [20] DUAN Y, LIANG Q, YANG Z, et al. A wide-angle broadband electromagnetic absorbing metastructure using 3D printing technology[J]. Materials & Design,2021,208:109900. [21] SOBHA A, SREEKALA P, NARAYANANKUTTY S. Electrical, thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of PANI/FMWCNT/TPU composites[J]. Progress in Organic Coatings,2017,113:168-174. doi: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.09.001 [22] QUAN B, LIANG X, JI G, et al. Dielectric polarization in electromagnetic wave absorption: Review and perspec-tive[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,728:1065-1075. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.082 [23] LIU X, ZHANG S, LUO H, et al. Temperature-insensitive microwave absorption of TiB2-Al2O3/MgAl2O4 ceramics based on controllable electrical conductivity[J]. Science China Technological Sciences,2021,64(6):1250-1263. doi: 10.1007/s11431-020-1776-3 [24] LEI L, YAO Z, ZHOU J, et al. 3D printing of carbon black/polypropylene composites with excellent microwave absorption performance[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2020,200:108479. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108479 [25] JOHANSSON M, HOLLOWAY C L, KUESTER E F. Effective electromagnetic properties of honeycomb composites, and hollow-pyramidal and alternating-wedge absorbers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2005,53(2):728-736. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2004.841320 [26] 熊益军, 王岩, 王强, 等. 一种基于3D打印技术的结构型宽频吸波超材料[J]. 物理学报, 2018, 67(8):084202. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20172262XIONG Yijun, WANG Yan, WANG Qiang, et al. Structural broadband absorbing metamaterial based on three-dimensional printing technology[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2018,67(8):084202(in Chinese). doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20172262 [27] YANG Z, LIANG Q, DUAN Y, et al. A 3D-printed lightweight broadband electromagnetic absorbing metastructure with preserved high-temperature mechanical pro-perty[J]. Composite Structures,2021,274:114330. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114330