锂离子电池负极材料研究进展

刘琦; 郝思雨; 冯东; 梅毅; 曾天标

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211101.002

锂离子电池负极材料研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211101.002

刘琦^{1, 2, 3,},
郝思雨^{1, 2, 3},
冯东^{1, 2, 3, ,},
梅毅^{1, 2, 3, ,},
曾天标⁴

1.
昆明理工大学　化学工程学院，昆明 650500
2.
云南省磷化工节能与新材料重点实验室，昆明 650500
3.
云南省高校磷化工重点实验室，昆明 650500
4.
四川大学　高分子材料工程国家重点实验室四川大学高分子研究所，成都610065

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52163007)

详细信息

通讯作者:
冯东，讲师，研究方向为锂离子电池　E-mail：fdryan@kust.edu.cn

梅毅，教授，研究方向为锂离子电池　E-mail：meiyi_412@sina.com

中图分类号: TK9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-01
- 修回日期: 2021-09-27
- 录用日期: 2021-10-26
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-01
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-01

Research progress of anode materials for lithium ion battery

LIU Qi^{1, 2, 3
,},
HAO Siyu^{1, 2, 3},
FENG Dong^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
MEI Yi^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
ZENG Tianbiao⁴

1.
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2.
Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, Kunming 650500, China
3.
The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
4.
Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

摘要

摘要: 锂离子电池(LIB)因其无记忆效应、环境友好且自放电小等各项优异性能得到了相关研究者的重点关注。信息电子产品、电动汽车和智能电网的发展对高能量密度、长循环寿命和低成本的LIB产生了巨大需求。负极作为LIB的重要组成部分之一，其性能对电池整体的各项指标有重要影响，要求负极所应用的材料具有高比容量和优异的循环性能等特性。传统石墨和钛酸锂(Li₄Ti₅O₁₂)负极由于比容量偏低，越来越难以满足使用要求，多种新型负极材料的研究开发正如火如荼地进行。金属锂具有非常高的理论比容量，但在反应过程中容易形成枝晶，其商业应用受到限制。除石墨外的碳基负极、硅碳负极和过渡金属化合物也具有较高的理论比容量，且相对于金属锂负极而言更安全，有望在不久的将来实现应用。本文综述了当前国内外LIB负极的研究现状，分析了新型LIB负极的优缺点，指出了LIB负极的研究方向，并对前景作出了展望。
- 锂离子电池 /
- 负极材料 /
- 碳基负极 /
- Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ /
- 硅碳负极 /
- 电化学性能
Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted the attention of related researchers because of their excellent performance such as no memory effects, environmental-friendly and small self-discharge. The development of information electronics, electric vehicles and smart grids has created a huge demand for high energy density, long cycle life and low cost LIBs. As one of the important components of LIBs, the performance of anodes has an important impact on the overall indicators of the battery, the material used as anode is required to have high specific capacity and excellent cycling performance and other characteristics. Lithium metal is easy to form dendrites in the reaction process, and its commercial application is limited. The carbon base anode, lithium titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂) and silicon carbon anode are also difficult to meet the requirements of practical applications, the research of new anode materials has become a new hotspot. In this paper, the research status of anode materials for LIB was reviewed, the advantages and disadvantages of anode materials such as carbon based anode, Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, silicon carbon anode and new anode material were summarized and analyzed. Besides that, the research direction of anode materials for LIB was pointed out, and the prospect of anode materials was prospected.
- lithium ion battery /
- anode material /
- carbon-based anode /
- Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ /
- silicon carbon anode /
- electrochemical performance

HTML全文

图 1 Li₄Ti₅O₁₂在1.0~3.0 V((a)~(c))和0~3.0 V((d)~(e)) 的储锂性能^[31-32]

Figure 1. Lithium storage performances of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ at 1.0-3.0 V ((a)-(c)) and 0-3.0 V ((d)-(e))^[31-32]

PBA—Prussian blue analogue; rGO—Reduced graphene oxide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 Fe₂O₃@C的CV曲线(a)和充放电曲线(b)、Fe₂O₃@C和Fe₂O₃在0.2 A·g⁻¹的循环性能(c)、倍率性能(d) 及其在1 A·g⁻¹的循环性能(e)^[49]

Figure 2. CV curves (a) and discharge/charge curves (b) of Fe₂O₃@C, cycling performance at 0.2 A·g⁻¹(c), rate cycling performance (d) and cycle capacities/coulombic efficiency at 1 A·g⁻¹(e) of Fe₂O₃@C and Fe₂O₃^[49]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 Ge/rGO-2的CV曲线(a)、充放电曲线(b) 以及Ge/rGO-1和Ge/rGO-2在1.6 A/g的循环容量/效率曲线(c)^[59]

Figure 3. CV curves (a) and discharge/charge curves (b) of Ge/rGO-2, as well as cycling performance of Ge/rGO-1 and Ge/rGO-2 at 1.6 A/g (c)^[59]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 Sn₄P₃/C的储锂性能^[65]

Figure 4. Lithium storage performances of Sn₄P₃/C^[65]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 贝特瑞公司官网2020年上半年公布的SiO_x/C负极参数

Table 1. Parameters of SiO_x/C anodes declared on official website of Beiteri New Material Group Co., Ltd. in the first half of 2020

Component	Product name	D50/μm	Tap density/ (g·cm⁻³)	Specific surface area/ (m²·g⁻¹)	Compaction density/ (g·cm⁻³)	0.1 C capacity/ (mA·h·g⁻¹)	First time efficiency/ %
Si/C	S400	15.0-19.0	0.8-1.0	1.0-4.0	1.5-1.8	400-499	92-94
	S500	15.0-19.0	0.8-1.0	1.0-4.0	1.5-1.7	500-599	90-92
	S600	15.0-19.0	0.8-1.0	1.0-4.0	1.4-1.7	600-650	89-90
SiO/C	S420-2A	16.0±2.0	0.9±0.1	<2.0	≥1.7	≥420	92.5±1.0
	S450-2A	15.0±2.0	0.9±0.1	<2.0	≥1.7	≥450	91.5±1.0
	S500-2A	15.0±2.0	0.9±0.1	<2.0	≥1.7	≥500	90.0 ±1.0
Note: D50—Particle size corresponding to a sample whose cumulative percentage of particle size distribution reaches 50%.

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