Effect of carbon nanotubes on mechanical and thermal stability of nitrile rubber O-ring
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摘要: 为了研究碳纳米管(CNT)对丁腈橡胶(NBR) O型密封圈的力学及热稳定性能补强机制,利用机械共混法和热压成型法制备了1%CNT/NBR (CNT质量比)和2%CNT/NBR复合材料的O型密封圈,在表征CNT/NBR复合材料的截面SEM、EDS和FTIR基础上,测试了CNT/NBR复合材料O型密封圈的力学性能、热稳定性能和老化性能。研究结果表明,随着CNT含量的增加,CNT/NBR复合材质O型密封圈的弹性模量增大,刚性增强。1%CNT/NBR材质O型密封圈由于C—O键的形成,使其拉伸强度达到12.6 MPa。CNT在NBR基体中含量的增加可以提高CNT/NBR复合材质O型密封圈的热稳定性,2%CNT/NBR的相转变温度达到297℃。1%CNT/NBR复合材料具有优异的抗老化特性归因于CNT使NBR基体产生C≡N三键官能团。高性能CNT/NBR复合材料O型密封圈在航空密封件领域有一定的应用价值。Abstract: In order to study the reinforcing mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the mechanical and thermal stability of nitrile rubber (NBR) O-ring, 1%CNT/NBR (mass ratio of CNT) and 2%CNT/NBR composite O-ring were prepared by mechanical blending and hot pressing. The mechanical properties of CNT/NBR composite O-ring were tested on the basis of SEM, EDS and FTIR. The results show that with the increase of CNT content, the elastic modulus and rigidity of CNT/NBR composite O-ring increase. The tensile strength of 1%CNT/NBR O-ring reaches 12.6 MPa due to the formation of C—O bond. The increase of CNT content in NBR matrix can improve the thermal stability of CNT/NBR composite O-ring, and the phase transition temperature of 2%CNT/NBR reaches 297℃. The excellent aging resistance of 1%CNT/NBR composites is attributed to the fact that CNT makes NBR matrix produce C≡N triple bond functional groups. High-performance CNT/NBR composite O-ring has certain application value in the field of aviation seals.
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D/d/mm d0/mm d1/mm 65/60 $ {3.12}_{-0.10}^{+0.12} $ 59.5±0.40 Note: d1—Actual inner diameter. 表 2 不同CNT含量NBR复合材料O型密封圈的尺寸、硬度、拉伸强度及断裂伸长率
Table 2. Dimensions, hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break of NBR composite O-ring with different CNT content
d0/mm C0/mm S0/mm Shore A/HA T/MPa E/% NBR 3.12 186.3 69.4 76±1 12.1±0.7 210.8±31.5 1%CNT/NBR 3.12 186.8 69.4 78±1 12.6±1.1 187.2±21.4 2%CNT/NBR 3.14 187.4 69.4 80±1 9.8±1.8 131.0±15.6 Notes: C0—Inner circumference of O-ring; S0—Center distance of initial fixture; Shore A—Hardness. 表 3 不同CNT含量NBR复合材料O型密封圈老化后的尺寸、硬度、拉伸强度及断裂伸长率
Table 3. Dimensions, hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break of NBR composite O-ring with different CNT content after aging
d0/mm C0/mm S0/mm Shore A/HA T/MPa E/% NBR 3.10 184.6 69.4 82±1 13.2±0.5 218.0±15.2 1%CNT/NBR 3.08 186.2 69.4 83±2 17.3±0.4 199.8±7.4 2%CNT/NBR 3.06 185.9 69.4 84±1 10.2±0.9 114.6±13.1 表 4 不同CNT含量NBR复合材料O型密封圈的恒定压缩永久变形结果
Table 4. Permanent deformation results of NBR composite O-ring with different CNT content under constant compression
d1/
mmd2/
mmC1/
%$\overline C _{\textit{1} }$/% NBR 3.14 3.10 7 6.3 3.16 3.07 6 3.18 3.10 6 1%CNT/
NBR3.17 3.10 8 8.7 3.16 3.08 10 3.15 3.08 8 2%CNT/
NBR3.21 3.11 11 8.0 3.15 3.10 5 3.17 3.10 8 Notes: d1—Cross-sectional diameter of the O-ring before compression; d2—Cross-sectional diameter of the O-ring after compression recovery for 24 h; C1—Constant compression set; $\overline C _{{1} } $—Average constant compression set. -
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