Preparation and properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites interlaminate-toughened by polyethersulfone ultrafine-fiber non-woven fabric
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摘要: 为提高环氧树脂基复合材料的冲击后压缩强度，采用更适用于批量化制备的聚醚砜-尼龙6(PES-PA6)共混纺丝溶解剥离法制备PES超细纤维无纺布，并将该无纺布用于碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的层间增韧，通过测试复合材料增韧前后的I型层间断裂韧性(GIC)、II型层间断裂韧性(GIIC)和冲击后压缩强度(CAI)，并表征复合材料层间断裂微观形貌，研究该无纺布对复合材料层间韧性的影响与复合材料超细纤维无纺布层间增韧机制。结果表明，采用无纺布层间增韧环氧树脂复合材料后，其GIC性能由增韧前的289 J/m2提升到增韧后的312 J/m2；GIIC性能由增韧前的1391 J/m2提升到增韧后的3649 J/m2。试样冲击后损伤面积由增韧前的1050 mm2降低到增韧后的204 mm2，相应的冲击后压缩强度由增韧前的228 MPa提升到增韧后307 MPa。Abstract: To improve the compression strength after impact of epoxy-based composites, polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafine-fiber non-woven fabric was fabricated from polyethersulfone-Nylon 6 (PES-PA6) blended fibers using solution-stripping method, which is more suitable for batch preparation. Then the obtained non-woven fabric was applied in the interlaminar toughing of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composites. Interlaminar fracture toughness under mode I (GIC), interlaminar fracture toughness under mode II (GIIC), compressive strength after impact (CAI) and interlaminar fracture micro-morphology of composites were tested to research the influence of the non-woven fabric on the interlaminar toughness of composites and the corresponding mechanism of interla-minar toughing. The result indicates that after epoxy resin-based composites are interlaminate-toughened with the non-woven fabric, the GIC value is raised to 312 J/m2 from 289 J/m2 and GIIC value is improved to 3649 J/m2 from 1391 J/m2. Also, the post-impact damage area of tested specimens is reduced from 1050 mm2 to 204 mm2 after toughing treatment, and the corresponding post-impact compressive strength is increased from 228 MPa to 307 MPa.
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Key words:
- epoxy resin /
- composites /
- carbon fiber /
- interlaminar toughing /
- blended spinning
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图 1 碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料I型层间断裂韧性(GIC)试样
Figure 1. Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite specimen for test of interlaminar fracture toughness under mode I (GIC)
图 2 碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料II型层间断裂韧性(GIIC)试样
Figure 2. Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite specimen for test of interlaminar fracture toughness under mode II (GIIC)
P—Applied force
图 3 聚醚砜树脂-尼龙6树脂(PES-PA6)共混纤维照片 (a)与微观形貌 (b)
Figure 3. Photograph (a) and microtopography (b) of polyethersulfone-nylon 6 resin (PES-PA6) blended fibers
图 4 PES-PA6共混纤维经溶剂刻蚀后微观形貌：(a) N-甲基吡咯烷酮 (NMP)；(b) 甲酸
Figure 4. Microtopographies of PES-PA6 blended fibers after solvent etching: (a) N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); (b) Formic acid
图 5 PES超细纤维(PES-f)无纺布照片 (a) 与微观形貌 (b)
Figure 5. Photograph (a) and microtopography (b) of PES ultrafine fiber (PES-f) non-woven fabric
图 6 PES-f无纺布层间增韧环氧树脂基复合材料增韧前后复合材料I型 (GIC) (a) 和II型层间断裂韧性 (GIIC) (b)
Figure 6. Interlaminar fracture toughness under mode I(GIC) (a) and mode II(GIIC) (b) of PES-f non-woven interlayer toughened epoxy resin base before and after toughening
图 7 PES-f无纺布层间增韧环氧树脂基复合材料层间微观形貌
Figure 7. Interlayer micromorphology of PES-f non-woven interlayer toughened epoxy resin base composites
图 8 PES-f无纺布层间增韧环氧树脂基复合材料GIC试样断口微观形貌
Figure 8. Fracture micromorphologies of PES-f non-woven interlayer toughened epoxy resin base composite specimens for GIC test
图 9 PES-f无纺布层间增韧环氧树脂基复合材料GIIC试样断口微观形貌
Figure 9. Fracture micromorphologies of PES-f non-woven interlayer toughened epoxy resin base composite specimens for GIIC test
图 10 四氢呋喃(THF)刻蚀后PES-f无纺布层间增韧环氧树脂基复合材料GIIC试样断口微观形貌
Figure 10. Fracture micromorphologies of PES-f non-woven interlayer toughened epoxy resin base specimens under mode II after etching with tetrahydrofuran (THF)
图 11 PES-f无纺布层间增韧环氧树脂基复合材料II型层间断裂韧性裂纹扩展过程中的几何效应
Figure 11. Geometrical restrictions of interlaminar crack propagation for PES-f non-woven interlayer toughened epoxy resin base composites under mode II
图 12 PES-f无纺布层间增韧环氧树脂基复合材料层合板冲击后超声C扫描图像
Figure 12. C-scan images of PES-f non-woven interlayer toughened epoxy resin base composite laminates after impact
图 13 PES-f无纺布层间增韧环氧树脂基复合材料层合板冲击后压缩强度测试过程中损伤形式
Figure 13. Damage modes of PES-f non-woven interlayer toughened epoxy resin base composite laminates during post-impact compression test
表 1 碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料层合板铺层方案
Table 1. Placement scheme of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite laminates
Sample Laying design Remarks GC-Base [0]22 and insert a 25 µm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film into the middle layer of the laminate as the initial delamination pre-crack Used to prepare GIC and GIIC samples GC-PES [0]11/PES-f/[0]11 and insert a 25 µm PTFE film into the middle layer of the laminate as the initial delamination pre-crack CAI-Base [45/0/–45/90]3s Used to prepare compressive strength after impact samples CAI-PES [45/0/–45/90]3s and insert a layer of PES-f non-woven fabric between each layer of prepreg Notes: GIC—Interlaminar fracture toughness under mode I; GIIC—Interlaminar fracture toughness under mode II; CAI—Compressive strength after impact; PES—Polyethersulfone; PES-f—PES ultrafine fiber; GC—Serial number. 
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表 2 PES-f无纺布层间增韧环氧树脂基复合材料层合板冲击后损伤投影面积及冲击后压缩强度(CAI)结果对比
Table 2. Damage area and compression after impact (CAI) results of PES-f non-woven interlayer toughened epoxy resin based composite laminates
Sample Damage area/mm2 Maximum force/kN CAI/MPa CAI-Base Average 1050 92.5 228 Standard deviation 70.34 8.23 19.6 CAI-PES Average 204 134 307 Standard deviation 32.96 9.07 17.7
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