纸浆纤维/聚乳酸复合材料的力学和热学性能

佘亚楠; 付烨; 朱钦睿; 吴双双; 徐信武

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211115.005

纸浆纤维/聚乳酸复合材料的力学和热学性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211115.005

1.
南京林业大学　材料科学与工程学院，南京 210037
2.
复旦大学　高分子科学系，聚合物分子工程国家重点实验室，上海 200438
3.
南京林业大学　家居与工业设计学院，南京 210037

基金项目: 湖北省重点创新计划(2019ABA097)

详细信息

通讯作者:
徐信武，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为木质复合材料　E-mail: xucarpenter@njfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-16
- 修回日期: 2021-10-10
- 录用日期: 2021-11-05
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-22

Mechanical and thermal properties of pulp fiber/polylactic acid composite

1.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
3.
College of Furnishings Design and Industry Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

摘要

摘要: 生物质衍生填料增强的生物复合材料一直被认为是极具潜力的石油基产品的替代品。引入高含量漂白纸浆纤维(10wt%~50wt%)，使用辊磨挤出法和密炼法两种预混工艺，采用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MA-g-PP)为相容剂，制备了纸浆纤维/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料。采用拉伸测试、SEM、FTIR、DMA和TGA表征，综合考察了制备工艺和纤维含量对复合材料的力学性能、热学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明：密炼法比辊磨挤出法更有效地实现了纤维在基体中的良好分散(几乎定向排列)。50wt%纤维含量的密炼加工复合材料实现了最大的拉伸强度(50.49 MPa，略高于PLA)和最高的弹性模量值(2.56 GPa，比PLA高45.8%)。刚性填充的纸浆纤维降低了复合材料的阻尼性能，损耗因子tanδ峰值温度发生正迁移。纸浆纤维不会对热稳定性产生不利影响，复合材料的残留物含量提高。研究表明，漂白纸浆纤维增强改性PLA制造可生物降解的复合材料是可行的。
- 漂白纸浆纤维 /
- 聚乳酸 /
- 双螺杆挤出 /
- 密炼 /
- 生物复合材料
Abstract: Biomass-derived fillers reinforced composites have always been considered as potential substitutes for petroleum-based products. In this work, high content of bleached pulp fibers (10wt% to 50wt%) were adopted to modify polylactic acid (PLA) with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP) as the compatibilizer. Two pre-melting processes of fiber/PLA composites were tried, i.e., roll-grinding plus extruding as well as internal mixing process. Tensile test, SEM, FTIR、DMA and TGA were employed to comprehensively investigate the effects of processing methods and fiber content on the mechanical and thermal properties, and microstructure of fiber/PLA composites. The results showed that, internal mixing process (IM process) is more effective than grinding and extruding process (GE process) to achieve good dispersion and almost oriented-arrangement of the fibers in the matrix. IM-processed composites with fiber content up to 50wt% acquired the maximum tensile strength (50.49 MPa, slightly higher than PLA) and Young's modulus (2.56 GPa, 45.8% higher than PLA). Damping capacity and loss factor of composites are reduced by the rigid filled pulp fibers, while the peak temperature is positively migrated. Pulp fibers added have no adversely effect on thermal stability and improve the residues content of PLA composites. It can be concluded that bleached pulp fiber is an effective filler for PLA-based composites.
- bleached pulp fiber /
- polylactic acid (PLA) /
- two-screw extrusion /
- internal mixing /
- biocomposite

HTML全文

图 1 纸浆纤维/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料的制备及测试流程

Figure 1. Melt compounding and testing process of pulp fiber/polylactic acid (PLA) composite

MA-g-PP—Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene; GE process—Grinding and extruding process; IM process—Internal mixing process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 辊磨挤出工艺 ((a)、(c)、(e)) 和密炼工艺 ((b)、(d)、(f)) 下纸浆纤维/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、杨氏模量和应力-应变曲线

Figure 2. Tensile strength, Young's modulus and stress-strain curves of pulp fiber/PLA composite under GE process ((a), (c), (e)) and IM process ((b), (d), (f))

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 (a) 纸浆纤维； (b) PLA脆性断裂形貌；(c) 纸浆纤维/PLA试样表面(上层为辊磨挤出样品，下层为密炼样品)；((d)~(o)) 纸浆纤维/PLA复合材料拉伸样品的微观断面形貌，样品分别选取了10wt%fiber/PLA-GE ((d)、(g))、40wt%fiber/PLA-GE ((e)、(h))、 50wt%fiber/PLA-GE ((f)、(i))、10wt%fiber/PLA-IM ((j)、(m))、40wt%fiber/PLA-IM ((k)、(n))、 50wt%fiber/PLA-IM ((l)、(o))

Figure 3. (a) Microscopic morphology of pulp fibers; (b) Brittle fracture morphology of pure PLA; (c) Specimen surface of pulp fiber/PLA (the upper layer represents GE samples, while the lower layer represents IM samples); ((d)-(o)) Cross-section morphologies of fractured specimen of pulp fiber/PLA composites, respectively, selected samples of 10wt%fiber/PLA-GE ((d), (g)), 40wt%fiber/PLA-GE ((e), (h)), 50wt%fiber/PLA-GE ((f), (i)), 10wt%fiber/PLA-IM ((j), (m)), 40wt%fiber/PLA-IM ((k), (n)), 50wt%fiber/PLA-IM ((l), (o))

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图 4 辊磨挤出工艺 (a) 和密炼工艺 (b) 下纸浆纤维/PLA复合材料的FTIR图谱

Figure 4. FTIR spectra of pulp fiber/PLA composite under GE process (a) and IM process (b)

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图 5 辊磨挤出工艺 ((a)、(c)、(e)) 和密炼工艺 ((b)、(d)、(f)) 下纸浆纤维/PLA复合材料的动态黏弹性能：储能模量 ((a)、(b))；损耗模量 ((c)、(d))；损耗因子(tanδ) ((e)、(f))

Figure 5. Dynamic viscoelastic properties of pulp fiber/PLA composite under GE process ((a), (c), (e)) and IM process ((b), (d), (f)): Storage modulus ((a), (b)); Loss modulus ((c), (d)); Loss factor (tanδ) ((e), (f))

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图 6 PLA和纸浆纤维/PLA复合材料的热稳定性：((a)、(b)) TGA；((c)、(d)) DTG

Figure 6. Thermal stability of PLA and pulp fiber/PLA compsites: ((a), (b)) TGA; ((c), (d)) DTG

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表 1 纸浆纤维/PLA复合材料的原料配比

Table 1. Formulations of pulp fiber/PLA composites

Pre-melting methods	Sample code	Fiber/wt%	PLA/wt%	MA-g-PP/wt%
Grinding and extruding process (GE process)	PLA-GE	0	100	0
	10wt%fiber/PLA-GE	10	86	4
	20wt%fiber/PLA-GE	20	76	4
	30wt%fiber/PLA-GE	30	66	4
	40wt%fiber/PLA-GE	40	56	4
	50wt%fiber/PLA-GE	50	46	4
Internal mixing process (IM process)	PLA-IM	0	100	0
	10wt%fiber/PLA-IM	10	86	4
	20wt%fiber/PLA-IM	20	76	4
	30wt%fiber/PLA-IM	30	66	4
	40wt%fiber/PLA-IM	40	56	4
	50wt%fiber/PLA-IM	50	46	4

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