Preparation and properties of bacterial cellulose/phenolic resin composite transparent film
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摘要: 近年来石油基高分子透明薄膜的大量使用导致塑料污染问题日益严重，基于绿色环保材料制备综合性能优异的复合透明薄膜具有重要现实意义。纤维素因其绿色、环保、可再生、可持续的优点成为制备柔性复合透明材料的理想原料。本文将细菌纤维素(BC)浸渍于酚醛树脂(PF)溶液中，通过热压成型技术制备得到BC/PF复合透明薄膜，探究了酚醛树脂浓度和热压温度对BC/PF复合透明薄膜微观结构、光学性能、热稳定性、力学性能和浸润性能的影响规律。结果表明，相比于BC薄膜，BC/PF复合薄膜具有更致密的结构和更光滑的表面，透射率可达88%，力学强度、热稳定性、防水性能得到显著提高，BC/PF复合薄膜的干强度和湿强度分别是BC薄膜的2.2倍和3.4倍。本研究对于缓解塑料透明薄膜的污染和探究绿色透明薄膜的快速制备具有科学指导意义。Abstract: In recent years, the plastics pollution is becoming more and more serious due to the overuse of fossil-derived transparent films. It is significant to prepare the composite transparent film with excellent comprehensive properties based on green environment-friendly materials. Cellulose is an ideal raw material for the preparation of flexible composite transparent materials because of its advantages of environmental friendliness, renewability and sustainability. In this study, bacterial cellulose (BC) was immersed in phenolic resin (PF) solution, and BC/PF composite transparent film was prepared by hot pressing technology. The effects of phenolic resin concentration and hot-pressing temperature on the microstructure, optical properties, thermal stability, mechanical properties and wettability of BC/PF composite transparent film were investigated. The results show that the BC/PF composite film has a more compact structure and smooth surface when compared with BC film, and its transmittance as high as 88%. The mechanical strength, thermal stability, and waterproof performance of the BC/PF composite film are also significantly improved. The dry strength and wet strength of BC/PF composite film are 2.2 times and 3.4 times higher than that of BC film. This study has scientific guiding significance for alleviating pollution of plastic transparent film and exploring the rapid preparation of green transparent film.
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Key words:
- bacterial cellulose /
- phenolic resin /
- hot press /
- transparent film /
- transmittance
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图 1 (a) 细菌纤维素/酚醛树脂(BC/PF)复合透明薄膜制备流程；(b) BC薄膜湿润状态下的光学照片；(c) BC的SEM图像；(d) 复合透明薄膜中纤维素与PF树脂的氢键相互作用示意图
Figure 1. (a) Preparation process of bacterial cellulose/phenolic resin (BC/PF) composite transparent film; (b) Optical photograph of BC film in wet state; (c) SEM image of BC; (d) Schematic diagram of hydrogen bond interaction between cellulose and PF in composite transparent film
图 2 ((a)~(h)) 致密化BC薄膜与BC/PF复合透明薄膜的光学照片与SEM图像；(i) 复合透明薄膜弯曲状态下的光学照片；激光透过玻璃 (j)、BC/PF复合透明薄膜 (k) 和致密化BC薄膜 (l) 后的光学照片
Figure 2. ((a)-(h)) Optical photographs and SEM images of densified BC film and BC/PF composite transparent film; (i) Optical photograph of the composite transparent film in its bending state; Optical photographs of laser through glass (j), BC/PF composite transparent film (k) and densified BC film (l)
图 3 致密化BC薄膜与BC/PF复合透明薄膜的透射率曲线 (a)、雾度曲线 (b) 和光线分布示意图 (c)；(d) PF树脂溶液浓度与热压温度对BC/PF复合透明薄膜透射率的影响
Figure 3. Transmission curves (a), haze curves (b) and light distribution diagram (c) of densified BC film and BC/PF composite transparent film; (d) Influence of PF solution concentration and hot-pressing temperature on the transmittance of BC/PF composite transparent film
图 4 (a) 致密化BC薄膜与BC/PF复合透明薄膜的FTIR图谱；致密化BC薄膜 ((b)、(c)) 与BC/PF复合透明薄膜 ((d)、(e)) 的XPS图谱
Figure 4. (a) FTIR spectra of densified BC film and BC/PF composite transparent film; XPS spectra of densified BC film ((b), (c)) and BC/PF composite transparent film ((d), (e))
图 5 致密化BC薄膜与BC/PF复合透明薄膜的TG曲线 (a)和DTG曲线 (b)
Figure 5. TG curves (a) and DTG curves (b) of densified BC film and BC/PF composite transparent film
图 6 致密化BC薄膜与BC/PF复合透明薄膜的水接触角
Figure 6. Water contact angle of densified BC film and BC/PF composite transparent film
图 7 致密化BC薄膜与BC/PF复合透明薄膜在干燥和湿润状态下的应力-应变曲线
Figure 7. Stress-strain curves of densified BC film and BC/PF composite transparent film in dry and wet state
表 1 同种类型透明材料透射率和拉伸应力的比较
Table 1. Comparison of the transmittance and tensile stress of the same type of transparent materials
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