玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料的制备及其准静态压缩特性和吸能性能

林颖菲; S.V.Shil'ko; 张强; 路建宁; 冯晓伟; 田卓; 尹翠翠; 冯波

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221116.001

玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料的制备及其准静态压缩特性和吸能性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221116.001

林颖菲^{1, 2, 3},
S.V.Shil'ko⁴,
张强⁵,
路建宁^{1, 2},
冯晓伟^{1, 2, 3},
田卓^{1, 2, 3},
尹翠翠^{1, 2},
冯波^1, ,

1.
广东省科学院新材料研究所，广州 510651
2.
广东省金属强韧化技术与应用重点实验室，广州 510651
3.
广东省钢铁基复合材料工程实验室，广州 510651
4.
白俄罗斯科学院金属-聚合物研究所，戈梅利 246050
5.
哈尔滨工业大学　材料科学与工程学院，哈尔滨 150001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(12002092；51905111)；广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515012096；2021A1515011730)；广东省科学院基金(2022GDASZH-2022010103)

详细信息

通讯作者:
冯波，博士，高级工程师，硕士生导师，研究方向为金属基复合材料研究　E-mail: fengbo@gdinm.com

中图分类号: TB331
计量
- 文章访问数: 217
- HTML全文浏览量: 45
- PDF下载量: 16
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-11
- 修回日期: 2022-10-14
- 录用日期: 2022-11-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-17
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-15

Preparation of glass microspheres/aluminum matrix syntactic foam and its quasi-static compressive characteristic and energy absorption

LIN Yingfei^{1, 2, 3},
SHIL'KO Serge⁴,
ZHANG Qiang⁵,
LU Jianning^{1, 2},
FENG Xiaowei^{1, 2, 3},
TIAN Zhuo^{1, 2, 3},
YIN Cuicui^{1, 2},
FENG Bo^{1
, ,}

1.
Institute of Materials and Processing, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510651, China
2.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metal Toughening Technology and Application, Guangzhou 510651, China
3.
Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Iron Matrix Composites, Guangzhou 510651, China
4.
V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gomel 246050, Belarus
5.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

Funds: National Nature Science Foundation of China (12002092; 51905111); Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2019A1515012096; 2021A1515011730); Foundation of Guangdong Academy of Science (2022GDASZH-2022010103)

摘要

摘要: 空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料是以空心微球为增强体和造孔体，与铝基体复合而成的新型多孔材料，兼具轻质、比强度高、比刚度高以及功能可设计性等优点，在轨道交通、公共安全、石油化工等领域具有广泛应用前景。空心微球含量及其结构特征是铝基多孔复合材料影响材料压缩特性的最主要结构因素，但目前研究仍不全面，相应的压缩变形行为影响机制并没有系统阐述。本文利用原位观察和数字图像相关技术重点探讨空心微球含量与尺寸对铝基多孔复合材料准静态压缩变形行为和吸能性能的影响。通过两步升温SPS烧结方法成功制备了系列玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料。随空心微球含量增加，复合材料密度减小，孔隙率增大，压缩应力整体降低，应力-应变曲线的屈服平台区扩大，且由平滑转变为锯齿状，压缩变形行为从较为均匀的鼓状形变逐渐发展为脆性剪切，延展性下降，吸能性能趋于不稳定，空心微球含量过高不利于复合材料吸能能力的发挥。小尺寸微球具有更好的抗压能力，当微球含量一定时，随小尺寸微球占比的提高，复合材料微观上可承受更高的应力应变集中，宏观上剪切形变的压缩应变增大，压缩应力和吸能能力均提高。1玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料压缩变形过程的宏观形貌(a) 30SF; (b) 50SF; (c) 70SF; (d) 50SF-50F; (e) 50SF-100F
- 铝基多孔复合材料 /
- 空心微球含量 /
- 空心微球尺寸 /
- 准静态压缩特性 /
- 吸能性能
Abstract: Aluminum matrix syntactic foams are a novel class of cellular materials synthesized by hollow particles and aluminum matrix, which exhibit lightweight and high energy-absorbing capacity. In this study, the glass microspheres/aluminum matrix syntactic foams were prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The effects of the content and size of microspheres on the quasi-static compressive deformation behavior and energy absorption properties of the syntactic foams were analyzed by optical microscope (OM), SEM, quasi-static compression in situ observation, and digital image correlation (DIC) characterization. The results show that the microspheres of aluminum matrix syntactic foams prepared by two-step heating SPS sintering are uniformly embedded in the aluminum matrix, while the aluminum matrix is completely fused with high densification. With the increase of the microsphere content, the compressive stress of the syntactic foam decreases as a whole, meanwhile, the yield plateau expands and changes from smooth to zigzag. In addition, the compressive deformation behavior gradually develops from a relatively uniform drum-shaped deformation to brittle shear. The energy absorption capacity of the syntactic foam with the volume fraction of 50vol% is 23.6 J·cm⁻³, which is higher than that with the volume fraction of 30vol% and 70vol%. There is an optimal correspondence between the energy absorption capacity and the microsphere content of the syntactic foam. Small-sized microspheres have better compressive resistance. With the increase of the small-sized microsphere proportion, the syntactic foams can withstand higher stress and strain concentration on the microscopic level, as a result, the compressive strain of shear deformation increases on the macro level. In this study, the peak stress and energy absorption capacity of the syntactic foam with small-sized microspheres are 89.4 MPa and 29.0 J·cm⁻³, which are 23.5% and 22.9% higher than those of the syntactic foam with large-sized microsphere, respectively.
- aluminum matrix syntactic foam /
- microsphere content /
- microsphere size /
- quasi-static compressive characteristic /
- energy-absorbing capacity

HTML全文

图 1 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram for preparing glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foam using spark plasma sintering (SPS) method

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 空心微球-铝粉复合粉体显微形貌：(a) 30SF；(b) 50SF；(c) 70SF；(d) 50SF-50F；(e) 50SF-100F

Figure 2. Micrographs of the cenospheres-Al mixture powders: (a) 30SF; (b) 50SF; (c) 70SF; (d) 50SF-50F; (e) 50SF-100F

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料显微形貌：((a), (f)) 30SF；((b), (g)) 50SF；((c), (h)) 70SF；((d), (i)) 50SF-50F；((e), (j)) 50SF-100F

Figure 3. Optical micrographs and SEM images of the glass microspheres/aluminum matrix syntactic foams: ((a), (f)) 30SF; ((b), (g)) 50SF; ((c), (h)) 70SF; ((d), (i)) 50SF-50F; ((e), (j)) 50SF-100F

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 微球含量不同的玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料准静态压缩应力-应变曲线

Figure 4. Typical quasi-static compressive stress-strain curves for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams with different volume fraction of microspheres

ε_d—Densification strain

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 微球含量不同的玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料吸能能力-应变曲线

Figure 5. Energy absorption-strain curves for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams with different volume fraction of microspheres

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 微球尺寸不同的玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料准静态压缩应力-应变曲线

Figure 6. Typical quasi-static compressive stress-strain curves for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams with different microspheres size

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 微球尺寸不同的玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料吸能能力-应变曲线

Figure 7. Energy absorption-strain curves for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams with different microspheres size

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料压缩变形过程的宏观形貌：(a) 30SF；(b) 50SF；(c) 70SF；(d) 50SF-50F；(e) 50SF-100F

Figure 8. Macroscopic features of glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams during compression: (a) 30SF; (b) 50SF; (c) 70SF; (d) 50SF-50F; (e) 50SF-100F

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料压缩过程水平方向应变场云图：(a) 30SF；(b) 50SF；(c) 70SF；(d) 50SF-50F；(e) 50SF-100F

Figure 9. Horizontal strain nephogram for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams during compression:(a) 30SF; (b) 50SF; (c) 70SF; (d) 50SF-50F; (e) 50SF-100F

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料压缩过程竖直方向应变场云图：(a) 30SF；(b) 50SF；(c) 70SF；(d) 50SF-50F；(e) 50SF-100F

Figure 10. Vertical strain nephogram for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams during compression: (a) 30SF; (b) 50SF; (c) 70SF; (d) 50SF-50F; (e) 50SF-100F

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料压缩后显微形貌：(a) 30SF；(b) 50SF；(c) 70SF；(d) 50SF-50F；(e) 50SF-100F

Figure 11. Cross-section features of glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams after compression: (a) 30SF; (b) 50SF; (c) 70SF; (d) 50SF-50F; (e) 50SF-100F

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 玻璃空心微球的材料特性

Table 1. Properties of glass microspheres

Type	Particle size/μm				True density/ (g·cm⁻³)	Porosity P₀/%
Type	10th	50th	90th	Top size	True density/ (g·cm⁻³)	Porosity P₀/%
K46	15	40	70	80	0.46	81.89
IM16K	12	20	30	40	0.46	81.89

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 空心微球-铝粉复合粉体组成

Table 2. Constitute of the cenospheres-Al mixture powder

Type	V_cenosphere/vol%	V_K46/%	V_IM16K/%
30SF	30	100	0
50SF	50	100	0
70SF	70	100	0
50SF-50F	50	50	50
50SF-100F	50	0	100
Notes: V_cenosphere—Volume fraction of cenospheres in mixture powder; V_K46—Volume fraction of K46 in fixed cenospheres; V_IM16K—Volume fraction of IM16K in fixed cenospheres.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料密度及孔隙率

Table 3. Density and porosity of glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams

Type	ρ_sf/(g·cm⁻³)	V_s/%	V_p/%
30SF	2.14	25.1	20.5
50SF	1.67	46.0	37.6
70SF	1.34	60.7	49.7
50SF-50F	1.66	46.4	38.0
50SF-100F	1.64	47.1	38.6
Notes: ρ_sf—Average density of syntactic foam; V_s—Volume fraction of microspheres in syntactic foam; V_p—Porosity of syntactic foam.

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料准静态压缩特征参量

Table 4. Summary of quasi-static compression data for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams

Type	σ_p/MPa	σ_pl/MPa	ε_d/%	W/(J·cm⁻³)
30SF	94.8±2.3	105.7±0.5	22.8±1.6	20.0
50SF	72.4±1.2	70.1±2.6	35.4±0.4	23.6
70SF	51.6±0.5	44.5±2.0	45.7±0.4	19.7
50SF-50F	81.5±2.0	80.3±0.6	31.6±0.4	25.7
50SF-100F	89.4±4.7	86.0±3.1	35.1±0.4	29.0
Notes: σ_p—Peak stress; σ_pl—Plateau stress; W—Energy absorption.

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(30)

[1]	SHIL'KO S V, CHERNOUS D A, ZHANG Q, et al. Uniaxial compression model for a metal-matrix/hollow-microsphere composite synthesized by pressure infiltration[J]. Mechanics of Materials,2020,144:103349. doi: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103349
[2]	KATONA B, SZLANCSIK A, TÁBI T, et al. Compressive characteristics and low frequency damping of aluminium matrix syntactic foams[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A,2019,739:140-148. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.10.014
[3]	LIN Y, ZHANG Q, CHANG J, et al. Microstructural characterization and compression mechanical response of glass hollow spheres/Al syntactic foams with different Mg additions[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A,2019,766:138338. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2019.138338
[4]	MOVAHEDI N, MURCH G E, BELOVA I V, et al. Functionally graded metal syntactic foam: Fabrication and mechanical properties[J]. Materials & Design,2019,168:107652.
[5]	张博一, 高金涛, 王理, 等. 粉煤灰空心球/Al复合泡沫材料准静态力学性能及本构模型[J]. 复合材料学报, 2021, 38(8):2655-2665. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201116.003 ZHANG Boyi, GAO Jintao, WANG Li, et al. Quasi-static mechanical properties and constitutive model of fly ash cenosphere/aluminum syntactic foam[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2021,38(8):2655-2665(in Chinese). doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201116.003
[6]	ZHANG B, LIN Y F, LI S, et al. Quasi-static and high strain rates compressive behavior of aluminum matrix syntactic foams[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering,2016,98:288-296. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.05.034
[7]	ZHANG Q, LIN Y F, CHI H T, et al. Quasi-static and dynamic compression behavior of glass cenospheres/5A03 syntactic foam and its sandwich structure[J]. Composite Structures,2018,183:499-509. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.05.024
[8]	MOVAHEDI N, CONWAY S, BELOVA I V, et al. Influence of particle arrangement on the compression of functionally graded metal syntactic foams[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A,2019,764:138242. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2019.138242
[9]	BIRLA S, MONDAL D P, DAS S, et al. Effect of cenosphere content on the compressive deformation behaviour of aluminum-cenosphere hybrid foam[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A,2017,685:213-226. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.131
[10]	朱烨飞, 孙雨果. 单轴压缩载荷下闭孔泡沫铝的变形机制[J]. 复合材料学报, 2017, 34(8):1810-1816. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20161116.002 ZHU Yefei, SUN Yuguo. Deformation mechanism of closed-cell aluminum foam under uniaxial compression[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(8):1810-1816(in Chinese). doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20161116.002
[11]	MYERS K, KATONA B, CORTES P, et al. Quasi-static and high strain rate response of aluminum matrix syntactic foams under compression[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2015,79:82-91. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.09.018
[12]	GOEL M D, MONDAL D P, YADAV M S, et al. Effect of strain rate and relative density on compressive deformation behavior of aluminum cenosphere syntactic foam[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A,2014,590:406-415. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.10.048
[13]	COX J, LUONG D, SHUNMUGASAMY V, et al. Dynamic and thermal properties of aluminum alloy A356/silicon carbide hollow particle syntactic foams[J]. Metals,2014,4(4):530-548. doi: 10.3390/met4040530
[14]	LUONG D D, STRBIK O M, HAMMOND V H, et al. Development of high performance lightweight aluminum alloy/SiC hollow sphere syntactic foams and compressive characterization at quasi-static and high strain rates[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2013,550:412-422. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.171
[15]	MATTHEW L, VASANTH C S, OLIVER M S, et al. Compressive and thermal characterization of syntactic foams containing hollow silicon carbide particles with porous shell[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2014,131(17):1-5.
[16]	ORBULOV I N, MÁJLINGER K. Description of the compressive response of metal matrix syntactic foams[J]. Materials & Design,2013,49:1-9.
[17]	ROHATGI P K, KIM J K, GUPTA N, et al. Compressive characteristics of A356/fly ash cenosphere composites synthesized by pressure infiltration technique[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2006,37(3):430-437. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.047
[18]	TAO X F, ZHAO Y Y. Compressive behavior of Al matrix syntactic foams toughened with Al particles[J]. Scripta Materialia,2009,61:461-464. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.04.045
[19]	SANTA MARIA J A, SCHULTZ B F, FERGUSON J B, et al. Al-Al₂O₃ syntactic foams—Part I: Effect of matrix strength and hollow sphere size on the quasi-static properties of Al-A206/Al₂O₃ syntactic foams[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A,2013,582:415-422. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.05.081
[20]	SANTA MARIA J A, SCHULTZ B F, FERGUSON J B, et al. Effect of hollow sphere size and size distribution on the quasi-static and high strain rate compressive properties of Al-A380-Al₂O₃ syntactic foams[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2013,49(3):1267-1278. doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-7810-y
[21]	TAO X F, ZHANG L P, ZHAO Y Y. Al matrix syntactic foam fabricated with bimodal ceramic microspheres[J]. Materials & Design,2009,30(7):2732-2736.
[22]	AL-SAHLANI K, BROXTERMANN S, LELL D, et al. Effects of particle size on the microstructure and mechanical properties of expanded glass-metal syntactic foams[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A,2018,728:80-87. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.04.103
[23]	GHOSH D, WIEST A, CONNER R D. Uniaxial quasistatic and dynamic compressive response of foams made from hollow glass microspheres[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2016,36(3):781-789. doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.10.018
[24]	NEVILLE B P, RABIEI A. Composite metal foams processed through powder metallurgy[J]. Materials & Design,2008,29(2):388-396.
[25]	中国国家标准化管理委员会. 金属材料　延性试验　多孔状和蜂窝状金属压缩试验方法: GB/T 31930—2015[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2015. Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Metallic meterials—Ductility testing—Compression test for porous and cellular metals: GB/T 31930—2015[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2005(in Chinese).
[26]	BLABER J, ADAIR B, ANTONIOU A. Ncorr: Open-source 2D digital image correlation matlab software[J]. Experimental Mechanics,2015,55(6):1105-1122. doi: 10.1007/s11340-015-0009-1
[27]	曹磊. 粉末冶金铝及铝合金颗粒界面结构及其对力学性能的影响研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2020. CAO Lei. The study on microstructures of interparticle boundaries in Al and Al alloys prepared by power metallurgy and their effects on the mechanical properties[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2020(in Chinese).
[28]	孙愈琦. 放电等离子烧结制备铝合金复合材料及其性能研究[D]. 郑州: 郑州大学, 2020. SUN Yuqi. Preparation and properties of aluminum alloy composites by spark plasma sintering[D]. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2020(in Chinese).
[29]	ORBULOV I N. Compressive properties of aluminium matrix syntactic foams[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A,2012,555:52-56. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.032
[30]	LIN Y F, ZHANG Q, MA X Y, et al. Mechanical behavior of pure Al and Al-Mg syntactic foam composites containing glass cenospheres[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2016,87:194-202. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.05.001