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纳米SiO2分散性对SiO2/LDPE纳米复合材料直流介电性能的影响

郑昌佶 王博 杨佳明 赵洪

郑昌佶, 王博, 杨佳明, 等. 纳米SiO2分散性对SiO2/LDPE纳米复合材料直流介电性能的影响[J]. 复合材料学报, 2023, 40(3): 1417-1429. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220428.002
引用本文: 郑昌佶, 王博, 杨佳明, 等. 纳米SiO2分散性对SiO2/LDPE纳米复合材料直流介电性能的影响[J]. 复合材料学报, 2023, 40(3): 1417-1429. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220428.002
ZHENG Changji, WANG Bo, YANG Jiaming, et al. Influence of nano-SiO2 dispersion on the direct current dielectric properties of SiO2/LDPE nanocomposite[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(3): 1417-1429. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220428.002
Citation: ZHENG Changji, WANG Bo, YANG Jiaming, et al. Influence of nano-SiO2 dispersion on the direct current dielectric properties of SiO2/LDPE nanocomposite[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(3): 1417-1429. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220428.002

纳米SiO2分散性对SiO2/LDPE纳米复合材料直流介电性能的影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220428.002
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(U20 A20307)National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20 A20307)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    郑昌佶,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为高压电气绝缘材料及绝缘在线检测 E-mail: zcj5210@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: TB332

Influence of nano-SiO2 dispersion on the direct current dielectric properties of SiO2/LDPE nanocomposite

  • 摘要: SiO2/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)复合材料的介电性能与纳米SiO2在LDPE基体中的分散性密切相关。为研究室温下拉伸处理对纳米SiO2颗粒在LDPE基体中分散性的作用机制,本文选取7 nm粒径的疏水型纳米SiO2与LDPE熔融共混制备SiO2/LDPE纳米复合材料。将制备好的纳米复合材料经过三次拉伸处理,利用SEM、DSC表征纳米粒子的分散性及复合材料的结晶度,利用热刺激电流法(TSC)测试分析复合材料的陷阱能级和陷阱密度。通过对纳米复合材料的空间电荷,电导电流,直流击穿强度进行实验测试,研究了拉伸对纳米粒子分散性的影响及其所导致的直流介电性能的改变。结果表明室温下拉伸有助于纳米粒子的分散,使纳米SiO2粒子的团聚尺寸从200 nm左右缩减到100 nm左右;但拉伸会破坏LDPE的结晶结构,劣化其性能;通过掺杂纳米SiO2引入深陷阱能级可以改善LDPE的直流介电性能。经过拉伸的SiO2/LDPE的空间电荷积累得到抑制,电导电流的机制发生改变。通过对电导电流的数据进行拟合处理,发现拉伸后的SiO2/LDPE的电导以离子跳跃电导为主,其跳跃距离减少到1.98 nm左右。SiO2/LDPE相比LDPE直流击穿强度提高约43%,室温拉伸处理后SiO2/LDPE击穿强度降低的主要原因是拉伸过程导致的LDPE基体结构缺陷。

     

  • 图  1  试样拉伸处理过程示意图

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of the tensile treatment process of the sample

    图  2  低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)及其纳米复合介质结晶形态图

    Figure  2.  Crystal morphologies of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and its nanocomposite medium

    图  3  LDPE及其复合材料的DSC曲线

    Figure  3.  DSC curves of LDPE and its composites

    图  4  不同极化时间下LDPE与SiO2/LDPE复合材料的空间电荷分布

    Figure  4.  Space charge distribution of LDPE and SiO2/LDPE composites under different polarization times

    图  5  不同短路时间下LDPE与SiO2/LDPE复合材料空间电荷分布

    Figure  5.  Space charge distribution of LDPE and SiO2/LDPE composites under different short-circuit times

    图  6  试样内部空间电荷的平均体电荷密度

    Figure  6.  Average volume charge density of space charge inside the sample

    图  7  LDPE及其纳米复合介质的电导电流

    Figure  7.  Electric current of LDPE and its nanocomposite medium

    图  8  LDPE及其纳米复合介质的电导特性

    Figure  8.  Conductivity characteristics of LDPE and its nanocomposite media

    图  9  复合材料高场电导的离子跳跃电导拟合曲线

    Figure  9.  Ion jump conductance fitting curve of composite material high field conductance

    图  10  LDPE及其纳米复合材料的热刺激电流(TSC)曲线

    Figure  10.  Thermal stimulation current (TSC) curves of LDPE and its nanocomposites

    图  11  SiO2/LDPE纳米复合介质直流电场击穿场强Weibull分布图

    Figure  11.  SiO2/LDPE nanocomposite dielectric DC electric field breakdown field strength Weibull distribution

    表  1  LDPE及其复合材料的DSC数据

    Table  1.   DSC data of LDPE and its composites

    SampleTc/℃Tm/℃ΔHm/(J∙g−1)Wc/%
    LDPE114.392.17116.5337.19
    Stretch LDPE110.595.5116.3839.64
    SiO2/LDPE111.295.5111.8638.53
    Stretch SiO2/LDPE110.596.17113..0538.94
    Notes: Tc and Tm—Crystallization peak temperature and melting peak temperature; ΔHm and Wc —Enthalpy of fusion and crystallinity of each sample.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  各试样的电导斜率和过渡阈值电场

    Table  2.   Conductivity slope and transition threshold electric field of each sample

    SampleβE/(kV·mm−1)
    jΩjtEΩ−t
    LDPE0.534.45 9.52
    Stretch LDPE0.184.24 5.74
    SiO2/LDPE0.222.5721.11
    Stretch SiO2/LDPE1.05
    Notes: β and E—Slope and electric field strength; jΩjt and EΩ−t—Slope of the conductance current density curve and the threshold EΩ−t of the transition electric field.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  各试样的特征击穿场强和形状参数

    Table  3.   Characteristic breakdown field strength and shape parameters of each sample

    SampleE0/(kV·mm−1)γ
    LDPE387.112.67
    Stretch LDPE354.711.72
    SiO2/LDPE554.415.05
    Stretch SiO2/LDPE491.07.634
    Note: E0 and γ—Characteristic breakdown field strength and shape parameters, respectively
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-02-28
  • 修回日期:  2022-04-15
  • 录用日期:  2022-04-19
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-04-29
  • 刊出日期:  2023-03-15

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