Structure, mechanical property, electrical conductivity and lightning strike damage behavior of graphene/carbon nanotube co-modified CFRPs
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摘要: 发展结构-防雷击功能一体化复合材料是未来的发展方向之一。本文制备了一种石墨烯和碳纳米管共改性的复合材料并研究了其结构、力学性能、导电性能和雷击性能。结构研究表明导电纳米粒子主要分布于复合材料层间和邻近层间的层内区域,而内部分布较少。复合材料的0°弯曲强度和0°层间剪切强度分别为(1538±86) MPa和(107.0±1.0) MPa。制备了2 mm、3 mm、4 mm三种厚度的复合材料板,其面内电导率为100 S/cm左右,其厚度向电导率分别为0.128 S/cm、0.094 S/cm和0.088 S/cm。雷击试验表明,三种厚度试样的总损伤面积类似,深层损伤面积随厚度向电导率降低而减少,但损伤深度则随厚度向电导率降低而增加,损伤模式主要为树脂的烧蚀气化和纤维的断裂损伤,但没有明显的层间分层发生。2 mm厚雷击试样板损伤区域的最低弯曲强度达到了782 MPa,保持率为75%,弯曲模量保持率为59.2%。2 mm板和3 mm板雷击损伤中心150 mm×100 mm区域平均弯曲强度保持率分别达到了87.4%和87.2%,损伤深度分别只有约0.3 mm和0.4 mm。Abstract: Developing structural composites with integration of lightning strike resistance is one of the trend of developing new composites. In this paper, a composite co-modified with graphene and carbon nanotubes was prepared. Its microstructure, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and lightning-strike properties were studied. Morphology study shows that the conductive fillers are mainly distributed in the interlayer and the adjacent intralaminar regions, while much less in the deep intralaminar regions. The composite has 0° flexural strength of (1538±86) MPa and 0° interlaminar shear strength of (107.0±1.0) MPa. Three laminates of 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm thickness were prepared for studying the electrical conductivity and lightning-strike properties. The in-plane conductivity of the composites is around 100 S/cm. The conductivity through thickness direction are 0.128 S/cm, 0.094 S/cm and 0.088 S/cm, respectively. The lightning-strike test shows that the total damage area of the three thickness samples is similar. The deep damage area decreases, while the damage depth increases with the decrease in conductivity through thickness direction. The damage mode is mainly the ablation damage of fiber and resin. No obvious delamination is found. The minimum flexural strength and the corresponding retention rates of the flexural strength and modulus of the damaged 2 mm thick laminate at the damage center are 782 MPa, 75% and 59.2%, respectively. The average flexural strength retention rates of the damage centers of the 2 mm and 3 mm thick laminates reached 87.4% and 87.2%, respectively. Their damage depths are only around 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm respectively.
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Key words:
- CFRP /
- conductive /
- lightning strike protection /
- carbon nanotube /
- graphene
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图 5 雷击试样试验前后的照片和C扫图像:雷击试验前:(a) GC-2 mm;(b) GC-3 mm;(c) GC-4 mm;试验后:((d)、(g)) GC-2 mm;((e)、(h)) GC-3 mm;((f)、(i)) GC-4 mm
Figure 5. Optical photos and C-scan images of samples before and after lightning-strike test: Before test: (a) GC-2 mm; (b) GC-3 mm; (c) GC-4 mm; After test: ((d), (g)) GC-2 mm; ((e), (h)) GC-3 mm; ((f), (i)) GC-4 mm
图 9 GC-2 mm层合板试样雷击损伤区域的弯曲试样:(a) 试样照片;(b) 载荷-位移曲线;(c) 弯曲强度及保持率曲线;(d) 弯曲模量及保持率曲线
Figure 9. Flexural strength of damaged area of the GC-2 mm composite laminates sample: (a) Photo; (b) Load-displacement curves; (c) Flexural strength and retention rates; (d) Flexural modulus and retention rates of the specimens
表 1 复合材料的铺层结构及测试的性能
Table 1. Stacking sequences and tests of the composite laminates
Laminate Thickness/mm Stacking sequence Test GC-Unidirectional (UD) 2 [0]16 Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS),
0º flexural strength (FS)GC-2 mm 2 [0,45,−45,90]2 s Electrical conductivity, lightning-strike test, flexural strength after lightning-strike GC-3 mm 3 [0,45,−45,90]3 s Electrical conductivity, lightning-strike test, flexural strength after lightning-strike GC-4 mm 4 [0,45,−45,90]4 s Electrical conductivity, lightning-strike test 表 2 复合材料层板力学性能、面内电导率(σxy)和厚度向电导率(σz)
Table 2. Mechanical properties, in-plane electrical conductivity (σxy) and conductivity through thickness direction (σz) of the composites laminates
Property Resin 0º FS/MPa 1538±86 0º ILSS/MPa 107.0±1.0 GC-2 mm σxy/(S·cm−1) 100.1±12.4 GC-2 mm σz/(S·cm−1) 0.128±0.025 GC-3 mm σxy/(S·cm−1)) 105.1±9.5 GC-3 mm σz/(S·cm−1) 0.094±0.009 GC-4 mm σz/(S·cm−1) 0.088±0.008 表 3 不同复合材料的ILSS的比较
Table 3. Comparison of ILSS of different composites
Laminate Reinforcement Resin ILSS/MPa Note GC-UD Unidirectional (UD) ZT7 H GC-EP 107±1.0 This work ZT7 E/9368 ZT7 H UD fabric Epoxy resin 9368 85 Reference [37] ZT7 E3205P/6808 ZT7 H plain fabric Epoxy resin 6808 55 Reference [37] T700/5229D T700 CNT modified epoxy resin 5229D 87.1 Reference [40] CNT modified composite CVD-growth CNT modified CF (UD) Epoxy resin 47.59 Reference [36]
103% improvement compared
to the controlGO modified composite GO modified CF (UD) Epoxy resin 90.62 Reference [38]
48.1% improvement compared
to the controlGO-CNT co-modified composite CNT-GO co-modified CF (UD) Epoxy resin 78.49 Reference [38]
28.3% improvement compared
to the controlT800/5228 T800 (UD) 5228 aero-grade epoxy resin 105±3.3 Reference [39] CCF800/AC631 CCF800 (UD) AC631 aero-grade bismaleimide resin 123±3.5 Data tested in our laboratory 表 4 不同复合材料的σz的比较
Table 4. Comparison of σz of different composites
Laminate Reinforcement Resin σz/(S·cm-1) Note GC-2 mm
GC-3 mm
GC-4 mmZT7 H GC-EP 0.088-0.128 This work ZT7 H/5229D ZT7 H CNT modified epoxy resin
5229D0.004387 Reference [42]
orthotropic laminateZT7 H/5229D ZT7 H CNT modified epoxy resin
5229D7.94×10−6 Reference [42]
quasi-isotropic laminateCCF800/AC631 CCF800 (UD) AC631 aero-grade bismaleimide resin 0.00172 Data tested in our laboratory T800/5228 T800 (UD) None toughened epoxy resin 0.122 Reference [41] CF3031/EP CF3031 twill fabric None toughened epoxy resin 0.138-0.374 Data tested in our laboratory Interleaved T700S/EP T700S EP 0.20 Interleaved 1.09wt% CNT
films [43]Interleaved T300/EP T300-3k plain woven fabric #2500 epoxy 0.52 Interleaved with 150 μm thick bucky papers [26] 表 5 各体系雷击损伤区域最小弯曲强度比较
Table 5. Comparison of the minimum flexural strength at damaged area of different composites
Laminate σz/(S·cm−1) Minimum flexural strength at damaged area/MPa Retention rate/% GC-2 mm 0.128 782 75.0 CF3031/EP 0.374 458 63.5 CCF800/AC631 0.00176 214 24.7 -
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