连续玻璃纤维和玻璃微珠共增强尼龙6复合材料的抗冲击性能

尹洪峰; 薛飞彪; 魏英; 杨顺; 汤云; 袁蝴蝶; 任小虎

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220330.001

连续玻璃纤维和玻璃微珠共增强尼龙6复合材料的抗冲击性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220330.001

西安建筑科技大学　材料科学与工程学院，西安 710055

详细信息

通讯作者:
魏英，博士，讲师，研究方向为聚合物基复合材料　E-mail：weiying@xauat.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB33
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-13
- 修回日期: 2022-02-26
- 录用日期: 2022-03-19
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-30
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-15

Impact resistance of continuous glass fiber and glass bead co-reinforced Nylon 6 composites

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China

摘要

摘要: 低速冲击是聚合物基复合材料在运输和服役过程中常见损伤方式，常造成复合材料结构损伤、性能降低、承载能力下降，影响使用。针对2D纤维增强聚合物基复合材料在冲击载荷作用下抗分层能力差的问题，本文采用熔融挤出结合热压成型法制备了二元和三元尼龙6(PA6)基复合材料，对比研究了连续玻璃纤维(GF)、玻璃微珠(GB)及两者共增强PA6基复合材料的摆锤冲击性能和落锤低速冲击响应。结果表明：(1) GF和GB能显著提高PA6的抗冲击性能，且GF的增强效果明显高于GB；(2) GB增强PA6基复合材料(GB/PA6)的冲击强度随GB加入量增大而先增大后降低，加入量为25wt%时冲击强度最大；冲击载荷作用下，25wt%GB/PA6的耗能机制除了界面脱粘和钉扎效应之外，还发现GB在PA6基体中的滑移耗能新机制；(3) GF和GB共增强PA6复合材料(GB-GF/PA6)中纤维起主要的增强作用，摆锤冲击实验和落锤冲击实验均证明存在协同增强效应；(4) GF和GB共增强的协同增强效应是由于共增强复合材料在冲击载荷作用下，抗Ⅱ型裂纹扩展能力提高，使复合材料抗分层能力得到强化；从而证明在基体中引入适量球形GB是提高2D纤维增强聚合物基复合材料抗低速冲击性能的一条经济和有效途径。
- 玻璃微珠 /
- 玻璃纤维 /
- 尼龙6基复合材料 /
- 低速冲击 /
- 协同效应
Abstract: Low-velocity impact is a common damage mode for polymer matrix composites during transportation and service, often results in structural damage, performance degradation, and loss of load-bearing capacity, which affects the use of the composites. To address the problem of poor delamination resistance of 2D fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites under impact loading, binary and ternary Nylon 6 (PA6)-based composites were prepared by melt extrusion combined with hot pressing, and the pendulum impact performance and drop hammer low-velocity impact response of continuous glass fiber (GF), glass beads (GB) and both co-reinforced PA6-based composites were comparatively investigated. The results show that: (1) GF and GB can significantly improve the impact resistance of PA6, and the enhancement effect of GF is significantly higher than that of GB; (2) Impact strength of GB-reinforced PA6-based composites (GB/PA6) showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing GB incorporation, with the maximum impact strength at 25wt% incorporation; the energy dissipation mechanism of 25wt%GB/PA6 under impact loading was found to be a new mechanism of slip energy dissipation of GB in PA6 matrix, in addition to interfacial debonding and pinning effects; (3) The fibers in GF and GB co-reinforced PA6 composites (GB-GF/PA6) play a major reinforcing role, and both pendulum impact tests and drop impact tests demonstrate a synergistic reinforcing effect; (4) The synergistic reinforcing effect of GF and GB co-reinforcement is due to the increased resistance to type II crack expansion of the co-reinforced composites under impact loading, resulting in the reinforcement of the composite against delamination. Thus, demonstrating that the introduction of an appropriate amount of spherical GB into the matrix is an economical and effective way to improve the resistance of 2D fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites to low-velocity impact.
- glass bead /
- glass fiber /
- Nylon 6 matrix composites /
- low speed impact /
- synergistic effect

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图 1 尼龙6(PA6)基复合材料制备流程图

Figure 1. Preparation process of nylon 6 (PA6) composites

GB—Glass beads; GF—Glass fiber

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图 2 摆锤冲击测试样品尺寸图

Figure 2. Size diagram of samples for the pendulum impact tests

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图 3 PA6基复合材料摆锤冲击强度

Figure 3. Pendulum impact strength of PA6 composites

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图 4 25wt%GB/PA6的冲击断口形貌：(a) 0.5wt%KH550改性GB；(b) 1.5wt%KH550改性GB；((c), (d)) 1.0wt%KH550改性GB

Figure 4. Impact fracture morphologies of 25wt%GB/PA6: (a) 0.5wt%KH550 modified GB; (b) 1.5wt%KH550 modified GB; ((c), (d)) 1.0wt%KH550 modified GB

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图 5 GF/PA6和25wt%GB-GF/PA6冲击断口形貌：((a), (b)) GF/PA6；((c), (d)) 25wt%GB-GF/PA6

Figure 5. Impact fracture morphologies of GF/PA6 and 25wt%GB-GF/PA6: ((a), (b)) GF/PA6; ((c), (d)) 25wt%GB-GF/PA6

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图 6 PA6基复合材料的最大冲击力

Figure 6. Maximum impact forces of PA6 composites

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图 7 PA6基复合材料的冲击应力-时间曲线 (a) 和能量-时间曲线 (b)

Figure 7. Impact stress-time curves (a) and energy-time curves (b) of PA6 composites

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图 8 PA6基复合材料损伤区域形貌：(a) PA6；(b) 20wt%GB/PA6；(c) GF/PA6；(d) 20wt%GB-GF/PA6

Figure 8. Morphologies for damage parts of PA6 composites: (a) PA6; (b) 20wt%GB/PA6; (c) GF/PA6; (d) 20wt%GB-GF/PA6

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图 9 20wt%GB-GF/PA6层合板落锤冲击示意图和冲击断口形貌

a—Impact contact position; b—Lamination delamination position; c—Impact bottom position

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of drop hammer impact and impact fracture morphologies of 20wt%GB-GF/PA6

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表 1 PA6基复合材料冲击凹坑深度、损伤面积和耗损能量

Table 1. Impact pit depth, damage area and absorbed energy of PA6 composites

Sample	Pit depth/mm	Damage area/mm²	Maximum absorbed energy/J
PA6	Breakdown	Smash	9.65
20wt%GB/PA6	Breakdown	Smash	15.29
GF/PA6	0.42	907	39.32
20wt%GB-GF/PA6	0.26	452	66.57

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表 2 PA6基复合材料的冲击破坏能量耗损机制

Table 2. Energy dissipation mechanism for impact damage of PA6-based composites

Material type	Matrix	Reinforcement	Interface	Synergistic effect
PA6	Matrix tensile and fracture	–	–	–
GB/PA6	Matrix tensile and fracture	Particle slip and crush	Debonding, pinning and deflection	–
GF/PA6	Matrix tensile and fracture	Fiber elongation, bridging, break and pullout	Debonding and deflection	–
GB-GF/PA6	Matrix tensile and fracture	Fiber elongation, bridging, break and pullout, particle slip and crush	Particle debonding, fiber debonding, crack deflection and pinning	Synergistic enhancement

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表 3 PA6基复合材料的剪切强度

Table 3. Shear strength of PA6-based composites

Materials	Shear strength/MPa	Standard deviation	Strength increase value/MPa
PA6	29.1	0.96	0.0
25wt%GB/PA6	33.7	1.51	4.6
GF/PA6	36.7	1.39	7.6
25wt%GB-GF/PA6	44.1	1.71	15.0

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