爆炸载荷下机织物的动态响应与失效行为

解江; 高斌元; 甄婷婷; 姜超; 冯振宇

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211108.004

爆炸载荷下机织物的动态响应与失效行为

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211108.004

解江^{1, 2, ,},
高斌元^{1, 2},
甄婷婷^{1, 2},
姜超^{1, 2},
冯振宇^{1, 2}

1.
中国民航大学　安全科学与工程学院，天津 300300
2.
民航航空器适航审定技术重点实验室，天津 300300

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费(3122019193)；中国民航大学研究生科研创新资助项目(2020YJS050)

详细信息

通讯作者:
解江，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为复合材料冲击动力学　E-mail: xiejiang5@126.com

中图分类号: O383
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-26
- 修回日期: 2021-10-17
- 录用日期: 2021-10-30
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-09
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-22

Dynamic response and failure behaviors of woven fabrics under blast load

XIE Jiang^{1, 2
, ,},
GAO Binyuan^{1, 2},
ZHEN Tingting^{1, 2},
JIANG Chao^{1, 2},
FENG Zhenyu^{1, 2}

1.
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Airworthiness Technology, CAAC, Tianjin 300300, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究爆炸载荷下纤维织物的动态响应与失效行为，对3种平纹纤维织物进行了准静态及高应变率拉伸试验，获取了织物的力学性能参数，建立了织物材料的本构模型。采用任意欧拉-拉格朗日算法(ALE)算法，建立了织物爆炸冲击数值分析模型，研究了爆炸载荷下纤维织物的动态响应过程和失效模式，并与试验结果进行了对比，验证了模型的有效性，得到了织物的变形峰值与比例距离之间的关系以及混杂层叠织物中各织物的吸能量。结果表明，3种织物表现出不同程度的应变率敏感性，芳纶和超高分子量聚乙烯(Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene，UHMWPE)纤维织物的失效应变和极限强度都随应变率的增加而增大，应变率效应明显，碳纤维织物的极限强度略有增加，应变率效应不明显。数值分析得到了与试验相同的织物失效模式：中心破孔和简支边界撕裂。在所研究工况范围内，织物的变形峰值与比例距离成反比例关系，且变形峰值超过39 mm时背爆面织物会发生失效；UHMWPE纤维织物层的比吸能达到24.7 J/g，分别是芳纶织物和碳纤织物的4.3倍和8.5倍。
- 纤维织物 /
- 爆炸冲击 /
- 数值分析 /
- 动态响应 /
- 失效行为
Abstract: In order to explore the dynamic response and failure behaviors of fiber fabrics under blast load, quasi-static and high strain rate tensile tests were carried out on three plain fabrics, the mechanical properties of the fabrics were obtained, and the constitutive model of the fabric was established. Using the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm, a numerical analysis model of the fabric under blast was established, and the dynamic response process and failure modes of the fabric under blast load were studied. The results were compared with the test to verify the validity of the model. The relationship between the deformation peak value and the scaled distance and the energy absorption of each fabric in the hybrid stacked fabrics were obtained that can evaluate the anti-blast ability of the fabrics. The results show that the three kinds of fabrics exhibit different degrees of strain rate sensitivity. The failure strain and ultimate strength of aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber fabrics under high strain rate load increase with the increase of strain rate, showing obvious strain rate effect. The ultimate strength of carbon fiber fabric increases slightly, and the strain rate effect is not obvious. The numerical analysis has obtained the same failure modes of the fiber fabric as the test: Central hole and simply supported boundary tearing. In the studied working conditions, the deformation peak value of the fabric is inversely proportional to the proportional distance, and the back burst surface fabric fails when the deformation peak value exceeds 39 mm. The specific energy absorption of the UHMWPE fiber fabric reaches 24.7 J/g, which is 4.3 times and 8.5 times that of aramid fabric and carbon fiber fabric.
- fiber fabric /
- blast impact /
- numerical analysis /
- dynamic response /
- failure behaviors

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图 1 干布模型典型的应力-应变曲线

Figure 1. Stress-strain curve for *MAT_DRY_FABRIC

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图 2 准静态拉伸试件

Figure 2. Specimen for quasi-static tensile test

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图 3 动态拉伸试件

Figure 3. Specimen for dynamic tensile test

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图 4 3种织物典型的应力-应变曲线

Figure 4. Typical stress-strain curves of three kinds of fabric

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图 5 动态拉伸试验前后3种织物试件对比

Figure 5. Comparison of three kinds of fabric test pieces before and after dynamic tensile test

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图 6 不同应变率下3种织物的应力-应变曲线

Figure 6. Stress-strain curves of three kinds of fabric under different strain rates

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图 7 3种织物应变率参数随应变率的变化关系

Figure 7. Relationship between strain rate parameters of three kinds of fabric and strain rate

C-S—Cowper-Symonds

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图 8 纤维织物爆炸冲击有限元模型

Figure 8. Finite element model of blast impact of fiber fabric

TNT—Trinitrotoluene

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图 9 各比例距离下的超压峰值对比

Figure 9. Comparison of peak overpressure at each scaled distance

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图 10 在30 g TNT当量、200 mm爆距、3.1 mm厚纤维织物工况下，织物中心点最大位移随网格尺寸的变化规律

Figure 10. Maximum displacement of the fabric center point varies with the grid size under the working condition of 30 g TNT equivalent, 200 mm stand-off distance and 3.1 mm thick fabric

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图 11 20 g TNT、150 mm爆距工况冲击过程：((a)~(c)) 数值模拟中的动态响应过程； ((d)~(f)) 试验中的动态响应过程

Figure 11. Impact process of 150 mm stand-off distance with 20 g TNT: ((a)-(c)) Dynamic response process in numerical simulation; ((d)-(f)) Dynamic response process in test

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图 12 60 g TNT、100 mm爆距工况冲击过程：((a)~(c)) 数值模拟中的动态响应过程； ((d)~(f)) 试验中的动态响应过程

Figure 12. Impact process of 100 mm stand-off distance with 60 g TNT: ((a)-(c)) Dynamic response process in numerical simulation; ((d)-(f)) Dynamic response process in test

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图 13 增加3.1 mm厚织物层前后测点超压时程曲线对比

Figure 13. Comparison of time history curves of overpressure at measuring points before and after adding 3.1 mm thick hybrid fabric

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图 14 9.3 mm厚混杂织物在100 g TNT、100 mm爆距下的失效模式

Figure 14. Failure mode of 9.3 mm thick hybrid fabric under 100 g TNT and 100 mm stand-off distance

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图 15 3.1 mm厚混杂织物在60 g TNT、100 mm爆距下的失效模式

Figure 15. Failure mode of 3.1 mm thick hybrid fabric under 60 g TNT and 100 mm stand-off distance

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图 16 3.1 mm厚混杂织物在60 g TNT、100 mm爆距工况下的应变云图

Figure 16. Strain cloud diagram of 3.1 mm thick hybrid fabric under 60 gTNT and 100 mm stand-off distance

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图 17 各厚度织物变形峰值与比例距离关系

Figure 17. Relationship between peak deformation and scaled distance of fabrics of each thickness

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图 18 3种织物能量吸收情况

Figure 18. Energy absorption of three kinds of fabric

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表 1 各织物的主要物理参数

Table 1. Main physical parameters of each fabric

Material	Aramid fiber fabric	Carbon fiber fabric	UHMWPE
Grade	F-268	HF30S-12K	ZTZ 24
Yarn density/(g·(1000 m)⁻¹)	166	800	126±10
Yarn body density/(g·cm⁻³)	1.44	1.8	0.97
Yarn breaking elongation/%	≥3.2	1.7-2.2	3-3.5
Yarn tensile modulus/GPa	≥125	245-270	105-110
Fabric thickness/mm	0.3	0.55	0.55
Fabric density/(yarns·(10 cm)⁻¹)	65×65	30×30	87×87
Fabric surface density/(g·m⁻²)	210-220	480	235-245
Note: UHMWPE—Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

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表 2 织物经向和纬向参数

Table 2. Warp and weft parameters of each fabric

Test piece	Peak load /N	Ultimate strength /MPa	Elastic modulus /MPa	Elongation /mm	Elongation at break /%
F-268 warp	4287.4	2076.3	68230.4	6.93	3.47
F-268 weft	4248.4	2061.6	68643.6	6.81	3.41
HF30S-12K warp	9931.8	2562.9	142959.9	4.92	2.46
HF30S-12K weft	8999.8	2318.8	139591.3	4.79	2.40
ZTZ 24 warp	9630.4	2500.8	47179.1	13.51	6.76
ZTZ 24 weft	9455.6	2473.4	46704.1	13.35	6.68

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表 3 3种织物的材料模型参数输入值

Table 3. Input values of material model parameters of three kinds of fabric

Parameter	F-268	HF30S-12K	ZTZ 24
Density R_o/(g·mm⁻³)	7.2×10⁻⁴	8×10⁻⁴	4×10⁻⁴
Warp fiber elastic modulus E_a/MPa	68230.4	142959.9	47179.1
Weft fiber elastic modulus E_b/MPa	68643.6	139591.3	46704.1
Elastic modulus coefficient of warp crimp zone E_a,crf	0.041	0.150	0.275
Elastic modulus coefficient of weft crimp zone E_b,crf	0.041	0.150	0.275
Critical strain in warp crimp zone E_a,crp	0.005	0.003	0.024
Critical strain in the zonal crimp zone E_b,crp	0.005	0.003	0.024
Modulus of elasticity coefficient in meridional post-peak region E_a,sf	−3.06	−1.6	−1.3
Elastic modulus coefficient in the weft post-peak zone E_b,sf	−3.06	−1.6	−1.3
Peak warp strain ε_a,max	0.034	0.021	0.074
Peak weft strain ε_b,max	0.034	0.021	0.074
Initial stress in nonlinear region SIGPOST/MPa	92.7	553	656.9
Strain rate parameter C	188	103	190
Strain rate parameter P	5.8	33.2	8.5
Warp failure strain ε_a,fail	0.20	0.25	0.40
Weft failure strain ε_b,fail	0.20	0.25	0.40

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表 4 TNT参数

Table 4. Parameters of TNT

Parameter	Value
Density/(10³kg·m⁻³)	1.63
Detonation velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	6930
Detonation pressure/GPa	21
A/GPa	374
B/GPa	3.74
R₁	4.15
R₂	1.4
ω	0.35
E/(10³MJ·m⁻³)	7
Notes: A, B, R₁, R₂, ω—Constants characterizing TNT properties; E—Detonation energy per unit volume.

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表 5 空气参数

Table 5. Parameters of air

Parameter	Value
Density/(kg·m⁻³)	1.29
C₄	0.4
C₅	0.4
C₀,C₁,C₂,C₃,C₆	0
E₀/(MJ·m⁻³)	0.25
Notes: C₀-C₆—Polynomial equation coefficients; E₀—Initial internal energy.

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表 6 不同比例距离Z下的超压峰值

Table 6. Peak overpressure at different scaled distances Z

Z /(m·kg^−1/3)	Test /kPa	Empirical formula /kPa	Simulation / kPa
1.85	175.3	218.3	168.3
1.47	411.5	374.3	347.8
1.28	585.1	524.9	521.6
1.08	856.5	805.0	864.0
1.00	878.3	970.0	960.2

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表 7 各厚度织物在不同比例距离下的变形峰值

Table 7. Deformation peak values of fabrics of each thickness at different scaled distances

Thickness of fabric/mm	Stand-off distance/ mm	TNT mass/g	Z/ (m·kg^−1/3)	Maximum deformation/ mm
	100	60	0.255	Failure
	150	60	0.384	39.4
	200	60	0.51	36.1
3.1	200	20	0.74	34.0
	300	20	1.1	32.5
	300	10	1.4	30.1
	100	80	0.232	Failure
	100	60	0.255	39.7
	150	60	0.384	37.9
6.2	200	60	0.51	34.8
	200	20	0.74	31.0
	300	20	1.1	29.0
	300	10	1.4	27.3
	100	80	0.232	Failure
	100	60	0.255	38.3
	150	60	0.384	34.6
9.3	200	60	0.51	33.8
	200	20	0.74	27.9
	300	20	1.1	25.5
	300	10	1.4	23.9
	100	150	0.19	Failure
	100	120	0.203	38.1
	100	100	0.215	35.8
	100	60	0.255	34.0
12.4	150	60	0.384	31.4
	200	60	0.51	29.6
	200	20	0.74	25.2
	300	20	1.1	22.9
	300	10	1.4	17.7

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