短纤维插层碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间性能

郑昊; 李岩; 涂昊昀

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211025.003

短纤维插层碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211025.003

同济大学　航空航天与力学学院，上海 200092

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51873153)；中央高校基本科研业务专项资金

详细信息

通讯作者:
李岩，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学高性能化和耐久性　E-mail: liyan@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-20
- 修回日期: 2021-09-26
- 录用日期: 2021-10-19
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-26
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-31

Research on interlayer properties of short fiber intercalated carbon fiber/epoxy composites

School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料因具有高的比强度、比模量、抗疲劳性好等优点，已在航空航天、轨道交通、汽车等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。然而作为碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的主要结构形式之一的层合板结构，由于厚度方向没有纤维，导致层间性能最弱，极易发生分层破坏，影响结构的承载性能。短纤维层间插层增韧是改善碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间性能的有效手段，近年来，国内外学者开展了大量的相关研究工作，但仍缺乏短纤维层间插层增韧的系统研究。本论文选用碳纤维、亚麻纤维及Kevlar纤维作为插层短纤维，系统地分析和讨论了短纤维种类、插层面密度和纤维长度对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间增韧效果的影响。结果表明，对于不同的短纤维插层，均存在着随着短纤维长度和插层面密度的增加，复合材料层间断裂韧性先上升后下降的趋势。在此基础上揭示了不同种类纤维的增韧机制，纤维桥联、裂纹扩展路径改变、纤维多层级破坏及纵向撕裂等均有助于复合材料层间断裂韧性的提高，研究结果为短纤维插层增韧复合材料的结构设计奠定了基础。
- 碳纤维复合材料 /
- 断裂韧性 /
- 层间增韧 /
- 短纤维插层 /
- 纤维桥联 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: Carbon fiber/epoxy composites had been widely used in aerospace, rail transit, automobile and other fields because of their high specific strength, specific modulus and good fatigue resistance. However, as one of the main structural forms of carbon fiber/epoxy composites, the laminate structure had the weakest interlayer performance due to the lack of fiber in the thickness direction, which was prone to delamination failure and affects the bearing performance of the structure. Short fiber intercalation toughening was an effective means to improve the interlaminar properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad had carried out a lot of relevant research work, but there was still a lack of systematic research on short fiber intercalation toughening. In this work, carbon fiber, flax fiber and Kevlar fiber were selected as intercalated short fibers. The effects of short fiber types, intercalation layer density and fiber length on the interlaminar toughening effect of carbon fiber/epoxy composites were systematically analyzed and discussed. The results show that for different short fiber intercalations, the interlaminar fracture toughness of composites increases first and then decreases with the increase of short fiber length and intercalation layer density. On this basis, the toughening mechanisms of different kinds of fibers are revealed. Fiber bridging, change of crack propagation path, multi-layer failure and longitudinal tearing of fibers are helpful to improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of composites. The research results lay a foundation for the structural design of short fiber intercalated toughened composites.
- carbon fiber composites /
- fracture toughness /
- interlayer toughening /
- short fiber intercalation /
- fiber bridging /
- mechanical property

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图 1 亚麻纤维多层级结构示意图^[23]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of multi-layer structure of flax fiber^[23]

S1, S2, S3—Flax fiber secondary cell wall

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图 2 不同短碳纤维插层面密度碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的R曲线 (a) 和层间断裂韧性 (b)

Figure 2. R-curves (a) and interlaminar fracture toughness (b) of carbon fiber/epoxy composites with different short carbon fiber intercalation density

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图 3 碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料双悬臂梁(DCB)试验中层间短纤维桥联现象：(a) 未插层；(b) 2-20组短碳纤维插层

Figure 3. Short fiber bridging phenomenon in the middle layer of carbon fiber/epoxy composite double cantilever beam (DCB) test: (a) No intercalation; (b) 2-20 Groups of short carbon fiber intercalation

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图 4 碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的I型层间断裂表面结构表征: (a) 未插层；(b) 2-20组短碳纤维插层

Figure 4. Characterization of type I interlaminar fracture surface structure of carbon fiber/epoxy composites: (a) No intercalation; (b) 2-20 Groups of short carbon fiber intercalation

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图 5 不同短碳纤维插层长度的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间断裂韧性

Figure 5. Interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites with different short carbon fiber intercalation length

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图 6 不同短亚麻纤维插层面密度的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间断裂韧性

Figure 6. Interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites with different short flax fiber intercalation density

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图 7 2-20组短亚麻纤维插层碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料DCB试验中层间短纤维桥联现象

Figure 7. Short fiber bridging phenomenon between layers in the DCB test of 2-20 short flax fibers intercalated carbon fiber/epoxy composites

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图 8 2-20组短亚麻纤维插层碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料短纤维层级间破坏结构表征：(a) 整体视角；(b) 局部视角

Figure 8. Characterization of failure structure of 2-20 groups of short flax fiber intercalated carbon fiber/epoxy composites: (a) Overall perspective; (b) Local perspective

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图 9 不同短亚麻纤维插层长度的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间断裂韧性

Figure 9. Interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites with different short flax fiber intercalation length

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图 10 不同短Kevlar纤维插层面密度的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间断裂韧性

Figure 10. Interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites with different short Kevlar fiber intercalation density

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图 11 2-15组短Kevlar纤维插层碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料DCB试验中层间短纤维桥联现象

Figure 11. Short fiber bridging phenomenon between layers in the DCB test of 2-15 groups of short Kevlar fibers intercalated carbon fiber/epoxy composites

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图 12 碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间短纤维破坏面结构表征: (a) 2-20组短碳纤维插层；(b) 2-15组短Kevlar纤维插层

Figure 12. Structural characterization of short fiber failure surface between layers of carbon fiber/epoxy composites: (a) 2-20 Groups of short carbon fiber intercalation; (b) 2-15 Groups of short Kevlar fiber intercalation

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图 13 不同短Kevlar纤维插层长度的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间断裂韧性

Figure 13. Interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites with different short Kevlar fiber intercalation length

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图 14 短纤维插层面密度 (a) 和插层长度 (b) 对不同种类短纤维插层碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间断裂韧性的影响

Figure 14. Effect of short fiber intercalation density (a) and intercalation length (b) on interlaminar fracture toughness of different kinds of short fiber intercalated carbon fiber/epoxy composites

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图 15 短纤维层间增韧机制示意图：(a) 短碳纤维插层；(b) 短亚麻纤维插层；(c) 短 Kevlar 纤维插层

Figure 15. Schematic diagram of short fiber interlaminar toughening mechanism: (a) Short carbon fiber intercalation; (b) Short flax fiber intercalation; (c) Short Kevlar fiber intercalation

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表 1 短纤维插层与短纤维参数对应表

Table 1. Corresponding table of short fiber intercalation and short fiber parameters

Short fiber intercalation	Short fiber length/mm	Short fiber intercalation density/(g·m⁻²)
0-0	—	—
2-10	2	10
2-15	2	15
2-20	2	20
2-25	2	25
6-15	6	15
6-20	6	20
10-15	10	15
10-20	10	20
Notes: x-y—Laminates with short fibers at the length of x mm and the areal density of y g/m²; 0-0—There was no interlayer short fibers involved in the composites, which was the control group.

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表 2 短纤维插层碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸和弯曲试验结果

Table 2. Tensile and flexural test results of short fiber intercalated carbon fiber/epoxy composites

Short fiber intercalation	Tensile strength/MPa	Tensile modulus/GPa	Flexural strength/MPa	Flexural modulus/GPa
0-0	1704.4±102.3	103.6±7.2	670.8±21.7	143.9±4.4
Carbon fiber 6-20	1772.1±114.1	106.7±6.4	663.8±19.7	146.1±4.5
Flax fiber 6-20	1738.2±96.9	107.4±7.9	666.3±23.3	142.6±4.3
Kevlar fiber 6-15	1792.5±123.6	105.8±6.3	686.1±20.6	154.4±5.2

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